CAS PS 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Halorhodopsin, Optogenetics, Channelrhodopsin
21 Oct 2022
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Document Summary
Optogenetics: use light to selectively activate brain regions and cell subtypes, channelrhodopsins: positive ion channels activated by blue light, halorhodopsin: negative ion channels activated by yellow light, can affect cells with great specificity, providing insight into functions. Optogenetics and operant conditioning: stimulating da neurons alone in vta with light, the stronger the light was made, the more the mouse would lever press to receive light stimulation, similar associative effects in cpp paradigm (classical conditioning) Disadvantages: super invasive, wires in your head. Microdialysis: measures local nt release: flushes csf through dialysis tube, filters through membrane on way out, allows you to measure concentration of nt present in area of interest. Human measures: self report, performance measures: (rt, motor skills, perceptual measures, memory) Clinical trials: phase 1: small group, safety - dose and toxicity, phase 2: larger group: test efficacy and safety, phase 3: larger group: confirm efficacy, phase 4: post marketing: long term safety.
