NTS 135 Lecture Notes - Vitamin D Deficiency, Ultraviolet, Human Tooth Development
Document Summary
What types of cells are responsible for bone building and bone breakdown: figure 11-1: bone structure. Trabecular bone: less-dense, more open structure found in inner layer of bones. Cortical bone: compact or dense bone found on outer surfaces of bone. Bone marrow: spongy tissue, contains stem cells in flat bones and trabecular bones. Periosteum: connective tissue covering all bones, has bone-forming potential, bone growth and remodeling. Osteoclasts: bone marrow breaks down or degrades small amounts of bone. Resorption losing substance: part of initial process for remodeling and growth. Osteoblast: bone cells that initiate synthesis of new bone. Hydroxyapatite: crystalline compound containing calcium, phosphorus, sometimes fluoride, also known as bone mineral. Osteocyte: osteoblast embedded into the bone matrix. Bone mineral density: measure of the amount of the total mineral contained in a certain volume of bone, generally expressed as grams per cubic centimeter. Peak bone mass: achieved by age 30.
