ISB 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Reproductive Isolation, Speciation, Allopatric Speciation

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aschu

26 Dec 2022

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MSU

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Integrative Studies Biological

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ISB 202

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ISB 202 Full Course Notes

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Isb 202 week 8 speciation: understanding "species" as a collection of organisms that share things in common: a species is a group of organisms that are able to interbreed and produce viable offspring. This de nition of species is known as the biological species concept, which was developed by ernst mayr. The biological species concept emphasizes the role of sexual reproduction in de ning species, as it is only through sexual reproduction that offspring can inherit a combination of genetic material from both parents. Under this concept, a species is a collection of organisms that look alike, despite variation among individuals, populations, or over time. The morphological species concept is often used to classify fossil species, as it is di cult to determine the reproductive abilities of extinct organisms. However, the morphological species concept has a number of limitations and can be problematic in some cases.

Related Questions

Answer the question in regards to Botany;

Distinguish among the biological, morphological, and phylogenetic species concepts.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation.

Briefly describe the processes of allopolyploidy, autopolyploidy, and recombination speciation.

ambertermite416

1. The vast majority of animals are:

a. mammals b. invertebrates c. vertebrates d. birds

2. Which of the following scientists defined a species as one or more groups of individuals that can potentially interbreed, produce fertile offspring, and do not interbreed with other groups?

a. Charles Darwin b. Carolus Linnaeus c. Mary Leakey d. Ernst Mayr

3.The earliest primitive primates resembled the modern ___________.

a. tarsier b. tree shrew c. old world monkey d.lemur

4. Stromatolites were formed by:

a. animals b. archaebacterial c. cyanobacteria d. red algae

5. Members of the same species would be expected to:

a.look alike b. be reproductively isolated from one another c. share the same gene pool d.have the same phenotype

6. A species is composed of:

a. related organisms b. a group of reproductive females c. populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring d. organisms located in the same habitat

QUESTION 5

The vast numbers of finch species on the Galapagos Islands arevery closely related and differ primarily by feedingspecializations. What process best explains this distribution ofspecies?

		sympatric speciation
		mass extinction
		adaptive radiation
		polyploidy

10 points

QUESTION 6

Frogs "croak" at night to lure females for mating. Females areattracted only to the song of their species. This is an exampleof

		mechanical isolation
		temporal isolation
		habitat isolation
		behavioral isolation

10 points

QUESTION 7

To prepare for a hiking trip in the Appalachian mountains, youbuy several field guides for the region from a used bookstore. Younotice that the older guides list a single species of tigerswallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, and an Appalachianmorph of this species. However, the newest guide list two separatespecies, P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis. Theauthors of this guide state that the biological species concept wasused in determining their classifications. What do you think ledthem to list two separate species of tiger swallowtail?

		The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis interbreed in the wild
		The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis have a genomic similarity of 99%
		The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild
		The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis have distinct differences in wingcoloration

10 points

QUESTION 8

A scientist is studying a population of crickets and finds thatthere is variation in the songs used by males to call for mates.Some males call with high pitched, 3 chirp songs and some call withlow pitched, 4 chirp songs. However, offspring from the two typesof males are able to interbreed, so the scientist classifies thepopulation as a single cricket species and goes on to anotherproject. One year later, a mutation arises in a female cricket thatmakes her unable to hear high frequencies. Ten years later, agraduate student returns to the same cricket population anddiscovers that there are now two distinct cricket species in thearea, although they appear morphologically identical. What is themost likely explanation?

		Temporal isolation has led to allopatric speciation
		Sexual selection has led to sympatric speciation
		Habitat isolation has led to allopatric speciation
		Gametic isolation has led to sympatric speciation

ISB 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Reproductive Isolation, Speciation, Allopatric Speciation

ISB 202 Full Course Notes

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