BIOL101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: White Adipose Tissue, Connective Tissue Disease, Adipose Tissue

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farzanyan312

19 Feb 2023

School

University of Waikato

Department

Biochemistry

Course

BIOL101

Professor

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Document Summary

Connective tissue- definition, structure, cells, types, functions, diseases. Connective tissue is one of the tissue systems in animals composed of different types of cells, all of which work together to provide internal support, adhesion, and cohesion between tissues to form organs and systems. The cells of connective tissue provide a matrix that gives metabolic support to cells as well as a medium for the transport of nutrient and waste products between organs. There are different types of connective tissues that vary in density, c ellularity, and specialized variants. Connective tissues are of different types and might have different characteristics that are unique to each type. However, there are some characteristics that are common in all connective tissues. Some of such characteristics are given below: connective tissues are the group of cells that work together to provide support and adhesion in order to form organs, all connective tissues originate from the embryonic mesenchyme or mesoderm.

Related Questions

The water-transporting cells of xylem tissue are tracheids and vessel members?

How is the structure of tracheids similar to the structure of vessel members?

How is the structure of tracheids different from the structure of vessel members?

How is the structure of both tracheids and vessel members related to their ability to serve as efficient water-conduction cells?

Sieve tube members are the conducting cells of phloem, specialized for the transport of metabolites within a plant. In what way do sieve tube members differ from a "typical" plant cell?

How do these differences improve the ability of sieve tube members to serve as efficient metabolite-conducting cells?

What is a companion cell, and what is its function?

To what tissue system does each of the following belong - tracheids, vessel members, sieve tube members, and companion cells?

The epidermis is a primary dermal tissue and the periderm is a secondary dermal tissue. Describe the most common cell types found in each of these tissues.

Both the epidermis and the periderm need to perform the same basic functions. What are those functions?

How does the structure of the epidermis contribute to those functions?

How does the structure of the periderm contribute to those functions?

What are guard cells?

How does the structure of guard cells differ from the structure of other epidermal cells?

What is the function of guard cells?

What are trichomes? What functions might trichomes perform?

What is a lenticel?

Describe its structure and function. Describe, in detail, the arrangement of primary tissues in a dicot stem. How does the arrangement of tissues in a monocot stem compare to that of dicot stems â how is it the same, how is it different?

The cortex region and the pith region of a dicot stem typically have different functions. What is the most common function of each region?

What type of tissue is each composed of?

In what types of plants does secondary growth occur?

In what plant organs does secondary growth occur?

Describe where lateral meristems form at the start of secondary growth in a stem.

Describe how the single layer of vascular cambium can produce both secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

What is wood?

bark?

early wood vs. late wood?

What allows the different layers of growth occurring each year to be visible to the human eye?

What is the function of mesophyll tissue?

What are the two types of mesophyll tissue in a typical dicot leaf?

How do these differ from each other with respect to location within the leaf, cell arrangement,

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

How did inoculation with cowpox generate immunological memory and provide protection against smallpox? Did cross-reactivity play a role?

How did Pasteurâs work with attenuated (weakened) bacteria further our understanding of the role vaccination can play?

What are the three characteristics that define an adaptive immune response? Briefly define each of the characteristics.

Define primary versus secondary immune response.

Whatâs the difference between totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and oligopotent when evaluating cell differentiation capacity?

What is hematopoiesis?

What cell types are derived from myeloid versus lymphoid progenitor cells? Describe the function of each WBC type.

What is clonal selection?

What role do antibodies play with regard to antigen recognition and immune defense that is different from what Tcrs provide?

As described in class generally understand the outcome of B cell, Th cell, and Tc cell activation. Understand that these cells can differentiate into effector (plasma cells, cytokine producing Th cells and CTLs) or memory cells.

Understand how granzymes and perforins play a role in apoptosis.

Which types of cells typically express MHC Class II? Do these cell types also express MHC Class I, and if so why?

With regard to Tc and Th cells, what kinds of peptide antigens (think about exogenously versus endogenously derived antigens) are recognized?

Be able to show cooperation between Tc, Th and B cell responses (refer to class notes).

What is the overall role of MHC Class I and II?

What is ADCC and what cell types are involved?

Understand and be able to provide examples highlighting the cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Note: ADCC and dendritic cell and macrophage interactions with Th cells illustrate examples of innate/adaptive cooperation.

What are the primary lymphoid organs? What role do they play?

What role does the lymphatic circulatory system play in immune defense?

Whatâs the difference between plasma, ISF, and lymph?

Whatâs the difference between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels?

How is lymph ultimately delivered back to blood?

Define extravasation. Why is this important?

What are HEVs and what role do they play?

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues/organs?

What role do lymph nodes play?

What role does the spleen play?

What is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?

Whatâs MALT and its role?

What is the inflammatory response and what are characteristics associated with inflammation?

What role does histamine play in the inflammatory response?

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BIOL101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: White Adipose Tissue, Connective Tissue Disease, Adipose Tissue

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