HIST 102H Lecture : The Ancient World

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28 Mar 2023
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Philosophical dialectics of history = from georg wilhelm friedrich hegel. History reoccurs in a pendulum from one thesis to an antithesis, thus creating a synthesis. (answers the how) For example = autocratic rule brings revolution; when both clash, a final product is to emerge abolishing/preserving/or transcending civilization from where we were. To study history, use philosophical mechanisms = isms = nationalism, romanticism, etc. Psychological interpretations of the individual or collective conscious. In borrowing from freud & jung, historians can look at any one person or a group to assess the why"s/ or the actions in history. All characteristics social/cultural, political, economic, military, etc play off each other. For example = a shift from the secular/materialistic greco-roman world to the overpowering influence of medieval catholicism. Civilization: a stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced. Pre-civilization rise & fall; adapting/dropping characteristics from each other: Sumer, 3200 bc; egyptian old kingdom, 2680 bc; downfall of akkadians,

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