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What is conflict of interest in terms of Accounting Firms offering consulting services to businesses as well as external auditing services? What law prevented this? What accounting fraud case triggered this law to be drafted and implemented?

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Casey Durgan
Casey DurganLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Anderson Accounting Services LLC provides accounting and tax preparation and consulting services. Sometimes customers only wish to have financial statements and/or tax returns prepared. Sometimes customers bundle accounting and tax preparation with consulting services (to be provided over a period of time). Sometimes customers only wish to have consulting services provided over a period of time. Because Anderson is a service firm there is no cost of goods sold associated with their services.
Customer is Civic Corporation 1
Tax consulting begins on November 1st and runs through the next April 11/1/X7
Date of contract 11/1/X7
Length of consulting services 6 months months
Tax return preparation occurs over the period February through April of 20X8
Length of tax prepartion 3 months
Price of tax preparation to be allocated over the return preparation period $ 2,000 stand alone price
Price of consulting services to be allocated over consulting period $ 5,000 stand alone price
Customers are charged a lesser amount as follows for both tax and consulting $ 6,000
Anderson Accounting Services LLC's current year end 12/31/X7
Customers pay at the contract date for BOTH the consulting and tax preparation services.

What are the performance obligations in the contract?

A.

Tax preparation services
B.

Tax preparation services and tax consulting services
C.

Unable to determine

D.Tax consulting services

QUESTION 3

Determine the transaction price that should be allocated to the consulting services.

A.

$4,286
B.

$1,714
C.

$1,429
D.

$4,571

QUESTION 4

Calculate the total revenue that should be recognized in the current accounting period.

A.

$4,571
B.

$1,714
C.

$1,429

D. $4,286

QUESTION 5

What is the total amount in the deferred revenue account(s) at the end of the current accounting period?

A.

$1,714
B.

$4,571
C.

$4,286
D.

$1,429

QUESTION 6

What is the total amount of revenue that should be recognized in the NEXT accounting period period?

A.

$1,714
B.

$4,286
C.

$1,429
D.

$4,571

QUESTION 7

The following journal entry has what impact on the income statement?

Debit Cash XXX

Credit Deferred Revenue XXX

A.

No impact
B.

Decrease
C.

Increase

QUESTION 8

The following journal entry has what impact on the income statement?

Debit Cash XXX

Credit Accounts Receivable XXX

A.

No impact
B.

Increase
C.

Decrease

QUESTION 9

Revenue is defined as:

An inflow or other enhancements of assets of an entity or settlement of its liabilities (or a combination of both) during a period from delivering or producing goods, rendering services, or other activities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations.

Revenue is recognized from the settlement of which of the following liabilities:
A.

Discount on Bonds Payable
B.

Deferred Revenue
C.

Salaries Payable
D.

Accrued Interest

QUESTION 10

A customer must have "control" over the good or service in order for a performance obligation to be considered as having been satisfied for purposes of revenue recognition.
A.

TRUE
B.

FALSE

1–28. Multiple Choice Questions
Select the best answer for each of the following items and give reasons for your choice.
a. Which of the following best describes the relationship between assurance services and
attest services?
(1) While attest services involve fi nancial data, assurance services involve nonfi nancial data.
(2) While attest services require objectivity, assurance services do not require objectivity.
(3) Both attest and assurance services require independence.
(4) Attest and assurance services are different terms referring to the same types of services.
b. Which of the following has primary responsibility for the fairness of the representations
made in fi nancial statements?
(1) Client’s management.
(2) Independent auditor.
(3) Audit committee.
(4) AICPA.
c. The most important benefi t of having an annual audit by a public accounting fi rm is to:
(1) Provide assurance to investors and other outsiders that the fi nancial statements are reliable.
(2) Enable offi cers and directors to avoid personal responsibility for any misstatements in
the fi nancial statements.
(3) Meet the requirements of government agencies.
(4) Provide assurance that illegal acts, if any exist, will be brought to light.
d. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(PCAOB). Which of the following is not one of the responsibilities of that board?
(1) Establish independence standards for auditors of public companies.
(2) Review fi nancial reports fi led with the SEC.
(3) Establish auditing standards for audits of public companies.
(4) Sanction registered audit fi rms.
e. Which of these organizations has the responsibility to perform inspections of auditors of
public companies?
(1) American Institute of Certifi ed Public Accountants.
(2) Securities and Exchange Commission.
(3) Financial Accounting Standards Board.
(4) Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
f. Governmental auditing, in addition to including audits of fi nancial statements, often
includes audits of effi ciency, effectiveness, and:
(1) Adequacy.
(2) Evaluation.
(3) Accuracy.
(4) Compliance.
g. In general, internal auditors’ independence will be greatest when they report directly to the:
(1) Financial vice president.
(2) Corporate controller.
(3) Audit committee of the board of directors.
(4) Chief executive offi cer.
h. Which of the following did not precipitate the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
to regulate public accounting fi rms:
(1) Disclosures related to accounting irregularities at Enron and WorldCom.
(2) Restatements of fi nancial statements by a number of public companies.

(3) Conviction of the accounting fi rm of Arthur Andersen LLP.
(4) Ethical scandals at the AICPA.
i. Which of the following organizations establishes accounting standards for U.S. government
agencies?
(1) The Financial Accounting Standards Board.
(2) The Governmental Accounting Standards Board.
(3) The Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board.
(4) The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
j. Which of the following is correct about forensic audits?
(1) All audit engagements are forensic in nature.
(2) Forensic audits are performed by law fi rms; they are not performed by CPA fi rms.
(3) Forensic audits are equivalent to compliance audits.
(4) Forensic audits are usually performed in situations in which fraud has been found or is
suspected.
k. What best describes the purpose of the auditors’ consideration of internal control in a
fi nancial statement audit for a nonpublic company?
(1) To determine the nature, timing, and extent of audit testing.
(2) To make recommendations to the client regarding improvements in internal control.
(3) To train new auditors on accounting and control systems.
(4) To identify opportunities for fraud within the client’s operations.
l. Which of the following is an example of a compliance audit?
(1) An audit of fi nancial statements.
(2) An audit of a company’s policies and procedures for adhering to environmental laws
and regulations.
(3) An audit of a company’s internal control over fi nancial reporting.
(4) An audit of the effi ciency and effectiveness of a company’s legal department.

Great discussion on how you picture yourselves at the end ofyour career as successful CPA's. According to the AICPA, there area number of reasons why a traditional four-year undergraduateprogram is no longer adequate for obtaining the requisite knowledgeand skills to become a CPA: · Significant increases in officialaccounting and auditing pronouncements and the proliferation of newtax laws have expanded the knowledge base that professionalpractice in accounting requires. · Business methods have becomeincreasingly complex. The proliferation of regulations fromfederal, state, and local governments requires well-educatedindividuals to ensure compliance. Also, improvements in technologyhave had a major effect on information systems design, internalcontrol procedures, and auditing methods. · The staffing needs ofaccounting firms and other employers of CPAs are changing rapidly.With more sophisticated approaches to auditing now in use, and withthe increase in business demands for a variety of highly technicalaccounting services and greater audit efficiency, the requirementsfor effective professional practice have increased sharply. Thedemand for a large quantity of people to perform many routineauditing tasks is rapidly diminishing. What other skillsaccountants need to have in addition to the educationalrequirements to survive in this new complex accounting world?

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