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The government often intervenes when private markets fail to provide an optimal level of certain goods and services. For example, the government imposes an excise tax on gasoline to account for the negative externality that drivers impose on one another. Why might the private market not reach the socially optimal level of traffic on the road without the help of the government?

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Darryn D'Souza
Darryn D'SouzaLv10
28 Sep 2019

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home / study / business / economics / questions and answers / Question 1 Which Of The Following Is The Best Example ... Question: Question 1 Which of the following is the best exam... Bookmark Question 1 Which of the following is the best example of a positive externality? A car company lays off 10,000 employees in order to cut costs. An individual drives a large SUV, which increases the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. An individual smokes in a restaurant, which bothers other patrons. A child is vaccinated against a disease, which reduces the probability that other children will catch the disease. 4 points Question 2 As a result of a negative externality, the market equilibrium quantity is too ______ compared to the socially optimal quantity. As a result of a positive externality, the market equilibrium quantity is too ______ compared to the socially optimal quantity. high; high. low; low. high; low. low; high. 4 points Question 3 Based on the diagram below, the deadweight loss area associated with the market equilibrium equals: Week06_graph1.jpg $10 $50 $80 $1,000 4 points Question 4 A firm's accounting profit is given by total revenue: less implicit costs. less explicit costs. less economic profit. less implicit and explicit costs. 4 points Question 5 Suppose an activity has a private cost equal to $30 and a private benefit equal to $30. The associated social cost equals $35 and the social benefit equals $30. Which of the following statements is true about this activity? There is a negative externality associated with this activity but not a positive externality. There is a positive externality associated with this activity but not a negative externality. There is both a positive and a negative externality associated with this activity. There is neither a positive nor a negative externality associated with this activity. 4 points Question 6 The Coase Theorem implies that: the efficient level of an externality is generally zero. private individuals living in market economies should not be concerned with externalities. government intervention is not always needed to arrive at the efficient level of an externality. government laws are unnecessary. 4 points Question 7 An industry in which a small number of large firms sell products that are either close or perfect substitutes is: perfectly competitive. monopolistically competitive. an oligopoly. a monopoly. 4 points Question 8 When a negative externality is present in a market: a tax can increase the level of economic surplus. the social benefits are greater than the private benefits. there is generally too little of the good produced by private markets. the government should ensure that there are zero external costs associated in all markets. 4 points Question 9 In the presence of a positive externality, the government can arrive at the socially optimal output level by: paying producers a subsidy equal to the amount of social benefits associated with the activity. charging producers a tax equal to the amount of social costs associated with the activity. paying producers a subsidy equal to the amount of external benefits associated with the activity. charging producers a tax equal to the amount of external costs associated with the activity. 4 points Question 10 The tragedy of the commons is that: too few individuals have access to high quality healthcare. common people overconsume public goods. the quality of life for lower income people is generally lower than that of higher income people. a resource with no price tends to be exploited until its marginal benefit falls to zero. 4 points Question 11 One potential remedy to the tragedy of the commons is to: never allow a single individual to consume more than one percent of the common resource. criminalize the usage of common resources. allow individuals to use a common resource as long as they receive some benefit from doing so. place a common resource under private ownership. 4 points Question 12 As a result of a positional externality: contestants have a tendency to invest in a series of mutually offsetting investments in performance enhancement. there is generally an underinvestment in performance enhancement. the market price of performance enhancement materials is too high. the quality of performance in competitive situations is lower than the socially optimal level. 4 points Question 13 Which of the following statements is true regarding health insurance? Economics shows that all health related procedures should be free to individuals because the health of an individual is priceless. Total economic surplus would be larger if individuals faced an incentive to only use services when the benefit exceeds their costs. Health maintenance organizations provide an incentive for doctors to prescribe expensive nonessential services. First dollar insurance coverage has likely had very little to do with rising healthcare expenditures since World War II. 4 points Question 14 A strategy that yields a higher payoff no matter what the other players in the game choose is known as a: prisoner's strategy. dominated strategy. dominant strategy. Nash strategy.

1. Brian loves opera and hates rock 'n' roll. Tim loves playing rock 'n' roll music at high volume. Unfortunately, they are next-door neighbors in an apartment building with paper-thin walls.

In this case, (Brian/Tim) imposes a (Positive/Negative) externality on his neighbor in the form of noise pollution.

2. What command-and-control policy might the landlord impose?

(a) A rule that music could not be played above a certain decibel level

(b) A rental subsidy for those tenants who do not own any musical devices

(c) A tax on rent for those tenants who own speakers

3. Suppose the landlord lets the tenants do whatever they want.

True or False: According to the Coase theorem, Tim and Brian might not be able to reach an agreement if the transaction costs are high.

(True)

(False)

MC Qu. 020 In a market economy:

In a market economy:

the government owns the means of production so that it can produce what is in society's best interest.

businesses design their plans to maximize their profit and the market is relied upon to see that individual self-interest is consistent with society's interest.

workers are directed by government planning boards to produce what is in society's best interest.

government sets prices to make necessities affordable because it is in society's best interest to make necessities affordable.

MC Qu. 022 Suppose that at the current price consumers would ...

Suppose that at the current price consumers would like to purchase 10 million large-screen televisions and 15 million are available. When the market coordinates the demand and supply for large-screen televisions, the price of large-screen televisions will:

rise.

fall.

stay the same.

be fixed by the government.

MC Qu. 036 Most economies today are:

Most economies today are:

pure market economies.

differentiated primarily by the degree to which they depend on markets.

differentiated primarily by who owns the means of production.

socialist.

MC Qu. 047 Households are on the:

Households are on the:

the supply side of factor markets and the demand side of goods markets.

the demand side of factor markets and the supply side of goods markets.

the supply side of both factor markets and goods markets.

the demand side of both factor markets and goods markets.

MC Qu. 050 Governments do all of the following except:

Governments do all of the following except:

oversee the interaction of households and businesses in the goods and factor markets.

demand labor services from households in the factor market.

demand for goods and services from businesses in the goods market.

supply labor services to businesses in the factor market.

MC Qu. 054 Businesses fail because:

Businesses fail because:

they follow the principle of consumer sovereignty too closely.

the invisible hand determines that they are not producing something socially valuable.

they earn excessive profits.

entrepreneurship is present.

MC Qu. 066 A business is most likely to be characterized as a...

A business is most likely to be characterized as a corporation if:

it has two or more owners, with each owner liable for every other owner's actions.

it has only one owner.

it is legally treated as a person and owned by stockholders who are liable for the actions of the corporate "person" regardless of their investment

each owner is liable only to the extent of his or her own investment.

MC Qu. 074 Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Stockholders are legally liable for all the debt of a corporation.

A corporation is a business that is legally owned by its employees.

Corporations are legal entities that, in law, are treated as persons.

Most large companies and many small companies in the United States are not corporations.

MC Qu. 095 Government regulation of working conditions is an ...

Government regulation of working conditions is an example of:

government as a referee.

government as owner.

government as an actor.

government as a dictator.

10. MC Qu. 104 Which of the following would most likely generate ...

Which of the following would most likely generate a negative externality?

education

a lighthouse

cigarette smoke

employment

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