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ochrecrab301Lv1

9 Aug 2019

The areas of society that are regulated often indicate something about what is important to those who make the laws. What seems to be the main concern of this law code?

Does the code make distinctions among people? Are some more important than others? How are people of different status dealt with under the law?

(the code of hammurabi)

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There are sometimes conflicts within the same code, between the code and the __________ and between the code and a counselor's value system.

		Judgment
		Ethics
		Law
		Value

2 points

Question 2

Section A of the ACA Code of Ethics highlights important issues within the __________________________________.

		Privacy Act
		Confidentiality Act
		Professional's Responsibility
		Counseling relationship

2 points

Question 3

______________________ in a code sometimes lag behind the values of society and of professional associations.

		Laws
		Attitudes
		Values
		Beliefs

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Question 4

Which section was added to the latest edition of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014)?

		Resolving Ethical Issues
		Advocacy and Social Justice
		Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media
		Research and Publication

2 points

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the ethical "hot spots" identified in this chapter?

		Gatekeeping
		Social and Cultural Issues
		Informed Consent
		Technology

2 points

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of ethical decision-making model discussed in the text?

		Problem-solving model
		Advocacy model
		Social constructivist model
		Developmental model

2 points

Question 7

_______________ has to do with protecting the independences, self-determination and freedom of choice for client.

		Nonmaleficence
		Beneficence
		Justice
		Autonomy

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Question 8

People who have this view of the world, see things in black and white, are very concrete, rigid, and authoritarian.

		Dualistic
		Modern
		Post-modern
		Flexible

2 points

Question 9

Which section of the ACA Ethical Code (2014) offers guidelines on how to report an ethical violation?

		Section B
		Section I
		Section E
		Section A

2 points

Question 10

.__________ is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute.

		Beneficence
		Nonmaleficence
		Civil liability
		Criminal liability

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Question 11

To prove that they are following the best practices of their professions, counselors should:

		Know relevant laws
		Maintain good records
		Stay professional with clients
		All of the above.

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Question 12

______________ is the most rigorous form of credentialing.

		Accreditation
		Licensure
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Question 13

Theories help counselors and other helping professionals in the following way(s):

		conceptualizing clients' problems
		necessary to become a licensed psychotherapist
		offer specific techniques to apply
		both a and c

2 points

Question 14

What is a paradigm shift?

		A change like a universe.
		A change in the way information is perceived.
		A change in theory.
		A change in human nature.

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Question 15

Do psychodynamic theories consider which of the following to be important in understanding a person's functioning?

		Child-rearing practices
		The unconscious and conscious
		Examining the past
		All of the above

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Question 16

Sigmund Freud was trained as a:

		Physician
		Counselor
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		Social worker

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Question 17

Freud believed that there are ____________ structures that make up personality.

		1
		2
		3
		4

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Question 18

Freud, and later his daughter Anna Freud, identified a number of _______________ that help people to cope with anxiety.

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		Coping skills
		Defense mechanisms

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Question 19

___________ believed that each of us has a unique psychological type which includes the attitudes of extraversion and introversion.

		Freud
		Rogers
		Jung
		Cattell

2 points

Question 20

_______________________ believed that every child was born with innate and unique capabilities and is inherently moving toard the future, not determined by the past.

		Adler
		Freud
		Rogers
		Jung

2 points

Question 21

Existential-humanistic approaches embrace a phenomenological perspective, stressing all but which of the following?

		The subjective reality of the client
		the role of the unconscious
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		the importance of consciousness and/or awareness

2 points

Question 22

Although Ludwig Binswanger is generally acknowledged as being the first existential therapist, who is seen as the person who popularized this approach through "logotherapy"?

		Irvin Yalom
		Carl Rogers
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		Viktor Frankl

2 points

Question 23

____________________ developed client-centered therapy.

		Carl Jung
		Viktor Frankl
		Carl Rogers
		Ludwig Binswanger

2 points

Question 24

Today, most Gestalt therapists believe that from birth, the individual is in a constant state of ______________ through a process of need identification and need-fulfillment.

		Self-regulation
		Self-actualization
		Existential crisis
		Emotional distress

2 points

Question 25

This therapy was developed by Albert Ellis during the 1950s.

		Psychodynamic therapy
		Behavioral therapy
		Cognitive therapy
		Rational emotive therapy

coralsnail276

Topic:
How would you explain the finding that people in high-income economies seem happier than people in low-income economies, but, over time, people in high-income economies do not seem to be any happier even if their country grows richer? Briefly discuss.

Optional Reading:

Income and Happiness

The Declaration of Independence in 1776 identified âcertain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.â This did not guarantee happiness but did establish the pursuit of happiness as an âunalienableâ right, meaning that right cannot be taken away, given away, or sold. Eighteenth century philosopher and social reformer Jeremy Bentham argued that government policy should promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Many people today apparently agree. In recent polls, 77 percent of Australians and 81 percent of Brits believed that a government's prime objective should be promoting the greatest happiness rather than the greatest wealth. The United Nations in 2007 sponsored an international conference on âHappiness and Public Policy.â Thailand now compiles a monthly Gross Domestic Happiness Index. Even China has joined in the fun reporting a happiness index based on polling results about living conditions, income, the environment, social welfare, and employment. Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom are also developing happiness indexes.

Economists have long shied away from asking people how they feel, preferring instead to observe their behavior. But more now see some value in asking questions. In the most extensive of polls, the Gallup organization asked people in 130 countries: âHow satisfied are you with your life, on a scale of zero to ten?â The results, reported in 2007, are not surprising. Most people in the high income areas, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, said they are happy. Most people in the poor areas, especially in Africa, said they are not. Also, within a given country, income and happiness are positively related. After evaluating all the results of the Gallup world poll, Angus Deaton of Princeton concluded: âThe very strong international relationship between per capita GDP and life satisfaction suggests that, on average, people have a good idea of how income, or the lack of it, affects their lives.â 8

So these results are no surprise. What does puzzle economists is that other surveys suggest that in affluent countries people do not seem any happier over time even though each generation became richer than the last. For example, in the United States, the proportion of people who say they are happy has stayed about the same despite 60 years of economic growth. In Japan, happiness responses actually declined despite a substantial increase in real income over the last 50 years.

Here are two possible explanations. First, people begin taking for granted those luxuries they most desired. For example, two generations ago color TVs, automobiles, and major appliances were luxuries, but now they are must-items for most households. Computers and flat screen HDTVs will soon move from luxuries to necessities. As each generation attains a higher standard of living, people become less sensitive to the benefits, they take them for granted, and thus they say they are no happier.

Second, research suggests that what matters is not just the absolute level of income but income relative other people in the reference group. Imagine you have a choice between (1) earning $50,000 a year while others in your reference group make $25,000 or (2) earning $100,000 a year while others make $250,000 (suppose, too, that prices remain the same, so $100,000 is double the real income of $50,000). Which would you prefer? Studies show that when people face this hypothetical choice, most pick the $50,000 option. That is, they prefer to make more than others even if that means a lower real income. Thus, if all incomes rise on average over time, this does not affect that aspect of happiness linked to oneâs relative standing. As the social critic H. L. Mencken long ago observed, "A wealthy man is one who earns $100 a year more than his wife's sister's husband."

SOURCES: Daniel Gilbert, Stumbling On Happiness, (New York: Knopf, 2006); Marina Kamenev, âRating Countries for the Happiness Factor,â Business Week, 11 October 2006; Angus Deaton, âIncome, Aging, Health, and Wellbeing Around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll,â Princeton Working Paper, (August 2007); and âWhere Money Seems to Talk,â Economist, 12 July 200

Attached is an article titled Online reviews influence US shoppers. Respond to the following, based on the articleâs contents:

(a) Describe the kind of study that was done, and list two of its objectives; ypour response should contain at least five sentences;

(b) Reproduce 6 questions, EXCLUDING DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS, that appeared on the questionnaire that was used in the study. The questions should beclosed-ended questions and in the format they would have been on the questionnaire that was used for the study. You should indicate the section of the article that provides justification for each question. You are limited to ONE dichotomous question (question with âYes/Noâ or âTrue/Falseâ option); and

(c) List three decisions that ONE brand might make, given the study results. Write out things from the article that justify your conclusions.

Online reviews influence US shoppers

NEW YORK: Almost four-in-five (78%) American consumers read online reviews before making a purchase decision and at least half (52%) read four or more before they feel they have enough information, a nationwide study has shown.

According to research firm YouGov, the main reasons given for accessing reviews are to ensure the product or service is of good quality (79%), that it works (61%) and to make sure they don't get ripped off (53%), Marketing Charts reported.

Written content is important for 90% of US consumers, but interestingly the study found they attach similar levels of importance to a reviewer's star ratings.

Overall, 87% who read any online reviews find the star ratings to be important to their purchase decision and just over a third (34%) think they're "very important".

The most read reviews are for electronics (53%), household appliances (43%), car purchases (40%) and hotels or short-term room rentals (36%).

But, while the great majority of Americans turn to reviews to aid their research, they remain sceptical about some of the claims made in them.

Most do find reviews trustworthy, but only 13% believe they are "very trustworthy" and a full 90% believe that some people review products and services without trying them.

A similar proportion (91%) believe companies write their own positive reviews and 89% think businesses write negative reviews about their competitors.

Among those who do post online consumer reviews, 62% are motivated by wanting to help others while 35% feel it is polite to leave feedback.

More than a quarter (27%) want to share a positive experience, 25% want to help good vendors to gain business while only 12% are seeking to expose bad ones.

Finally, it appears reviewers from the Midwest are more reliable than those in other parts of the country because they admit to significantly fewer fraudulent reviews.

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