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27 May 2018

1. Maintaining a strong dollar in international currency markets in order to boost American exports is a high priority policy for the Federal Reserve. True or False?

2. Dollar bills, debit cards, and cryptocurrency serve as money because

A.
people believe others will accept them as money.

B.
they have value as a commodity independent of their use as money.

C.
they can be redeemed for gold by a central bank or federal government.

D.
their exchange value is backed by credible legal institutions.

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Nestor RutherfordLv2

29 May 2018

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1.Economists use the term money to refer to

A.all wealth.

B.all assets, including real assets and financial assets.

C.all financial assets, but not real assets.

D.those types of wealth that are regularly accepted by sellers in exchange for goods and services.

2.Which of the following is a function of money?

A.a unit of account

B.a store of value

C.medium of exchange

D.. All of the above are correct.

3.You pay for cheese and bread from the deli with currency. Which function of money does this best illustrate?

A.medium of exchange

B.unit of account

C.store of value

D.liquidity

4.Any item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future is called

A.a medium of exchange.

B.a unit of account.

C.a store of value.

D.None of the above is correct.

5.Liquidity refers to

A.the ease with which an asset is converted to the medium of exchange.

B.the measurement of the intrinsic value of commodity money.

C.the measurement of the durability of a good.

D.how many time a dollar circulates in a given year.

6.Which list ranks assets from most to least liquid?

A.money, bonds, cars, houses

B.money, cars, houses, bonds

C.bonds, money, cars, houses

D.bonds, cars, money, houses

7.When we measure and record economic value, we use money as the

A.liquid asset.

B.medium of exchange.

C.unit of account.

D.store of value.

8.Commodity money is

A.backed by gold.

B.the principal type of money in use today.

C.money with intrinsic value.

D.receipts created in international trade that is used as a medium of exchange.

9.Fiat money

A.has no intrinsic value.

B.is backed by gold.

C.is a medium of exchange but not a unit of account.

D.is any close substitute for currency such as checkable deposits.

10.M1 includes

A.currency.

B.demand deposits.

C.traveler's checks.

D.All of the above are correct.

11.Which of the following items is included in M2?

A.credit cards

B.money market mutual funds

C.corporate bonds

D.large time deposits

12.Which of the following does the Federal Reserve not do?

A.conduct monetary policy

B.act as a lender of last resort

C.convert Federal Reserve Notes into gold

D.serve as a bank regulator

13.The Fed has the power to increase or decrease the number of dollars in the economy through the decisions of

A.the Board of Governors.

B.the FOMC.

C.the regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents.

D. the U.S. Treasury.

14.When conducting an open-market sale, the Fed

A.buys government bonds, and in so doing increases the money supply.

B.buys government bonds, and in so doing decreases the money supply.

C.sells government bonds, and in so doing increases the money supply.

D.sells government bonds, and in so doing decreases the money supply.

15.An open-market purchase

A.increases the number of dollars and the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

B.increases the number of dollars in the hands of the public and decreases the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

C.decreases the number of dollars and the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

D.decreases the number of dollars in the hands of the public and increases the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

16. If a bank has a reserve ratio of 8 per cent, then

A.government regulation requires the bank to use at least 8 per cent of its deposits to make loans.

B.the bank's ratio of loans to deposits is 8 per cent.

C.the bank keeps 8 per cent of its deposits as reserves and loans out the rest.

D.the bank keeps 8 per cent of its assets as reserves and loans out the rest.

17.If a bank uses $100 of excess reserves to make a new loan when the reserve ratio is 20 per cent, this action by itself initially makes the money supply

A.and wealth increase by $100.

B.and wealth decreased by $100.

C.increase by $100 while wealth does not change.

D.decrease by $100 while wealth decreases by $100.

18.The money multiplier equals

A.1/R, where R represents the number of reserves in the economy.

B.1/R, where R represents the reserve ratio for all banks in the economy.

C.1/(1+R), where R represents the number of reserves in the economy.

D.1/(1+R), where R represents the reserve ratio for all banks in the economy.

19.If the reserve ratio is 10 per cent, the money multiplier is

A.100.

B.10.

C.9/10.

D.1/10.

20.As the reserve ratio increases, the money multiplier

A.increases.

B.does not change.

C.decreases.

D.could do any of the above.

21.If the reserve ratio is 5 per cent, then $1,000 of additional reserves can create up to

A.$200 of new money.

B.$2,000 of new money.

C.$20,000 of new money.

D.None of the above is correct.

22.When the Fed makes open-market purchases, bank

A.withdrawals and lending increase.

B.withdrawals increase and lending decreases.

C.deposits and lending increase.

D.deposits increase and lending decreases.

23.The discount rate is the interest rate that

A.banks charge one another for loans.

B.banks charge the Fed for loans.

C.the Fed charges banks for loans.

D.the Fed charges Congress for loans.

24.If the discount rate is lowered, banks borrow

A.less from the Fed so reserves increase.

B.less from the Fed so reserves decrease.

C.more from the Fed so reserves increase.

D.more from the Fed so reserves decrease.

25.The Fed can increase the money supply by conducting open-market

A.sales or by raising the discount rate.

B.sales or by lowering the discount rate.

C.purchases or by raising the discount rate.

D.purchases or by lowering the discount rate.

26.The Fed can directly protect a bank during a bank run by

A.increasing reserve requirements.

B.selling government bonds to the bank.

C.lending reserves to the bank.

D.doing any of the above.

27.The federal funds rate is the interest rate

A.the Federal Reserves charges for loans it makes to the federal government.

B.the Federal Reserve charges banks for short-term loans.

C.banks charge each other for short-term loans of reserves.

D.on newly issued one-year Treasury bonds.

28.If the federal funds rate were below the level the Federal Reserve had targeted, the Fed could move the rate back towards its target by

A.buying bonds. This buying would increase the money supply.

B.buying bonds. This buying would reduce the money supply.

C.selling bonds. This selling would increase the money supply.

D.selling bonds. This selling would reduce the money supply.

coffeecockroach306

Chapter 16 The Monetary System

1.Economists use the term âmoneyâ to refer to

A.all wealth.

B.all assets, including real assets and financial assets.

C.all financial assets, but not real assets.

D.those types of wealth that are regularly accepted by sellers in exchange for goods and services.

2.Which of the following is a function of money?

A.a unit of account

B.a store of value

C.medium of exchange

D.All of the above are correct.

3.You pay for cheese and bread from the deli with currency. Which function of money does this best illustrate?

A.medium of exchange

B.unit of account

C.store of value

D.liquidity

4.Any item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future is called

A.a medium of exchange.

B.a unit of account.

C.a store of value.

D.None of the above is correct.

5.Liquidity refers to

A.the ease with which an asset is converted to the medium of exchange.

B.the measurement of the intrinsic value of commodity money.

C.the measurment of the durability of a good.

D.how many time a dollar circulates in a given year.

6.Which list ranks assets from most to least liquid?

A.money, bonds, cars, houses

B.money, cars, houses, bonds

C.bonds, money, cars, houses

D.bonds, cars, money, houses

7.When we measure and record economic value, we use money as the

A.liquid asset.

B.medium of exchange.

C.unit of account.

D.store of value.

8.Commodity money is

A.backed by gold.

B.the principal type of money in use today.

C.money with intrinsic value.

D.receipts created in international trade that are used as a medium of exchange.

9.Fiat money

A.has no intrinsic value.

B.is backed by gold.

C.is a medium of exchange but not a unit of account.

D.is any close substitute for currency such as checkable deposits.

10.M1 includes

A.currency.

B.demand deposits.

C.traveler's checks.

D.All of the above are correct.

11.Which of the following items is included in M2?

A.credit cards

B.money market mutual funds

C.corporate bonds

D.large time deposits

12.Which of the following does the Federal Reserve not do?

A.conduct monetary policy

B.act as a lender of last resort

C.convert Federal Reserve Notes into gold

D.serve as a bank regulator

13.The Fed has the power to increase or decrease the number of dollars in the economy through the decisions of

A.the Board of Governors.

B.the FOMC.

C.the regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents.

D. the U.S. Treasury.

14.When conducting an open-market sale, the Fed

A.buys government bonds, and in so doing increases the money supply.

B.buys government bonds, and in so doing decreases the money supply.

C.sells government bonds, and in so doing increases the money supply.

D.sells government bonds, and in so doing decreases the money supply.

15.An open-market purchase

A.increases the number of dollars and the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

B.increases the number of dollars in the hands of the public and decreases the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

C.decreases the number of dollars and the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

D.decreases the number of dollars in the hands of the public and increases the number of bonds in the hands of the public.

16. If a bank has a reserve ratio of 8 percent, then

A.government regulation requires the bank to use at least 8 percent of its deposits to make loans.

B.the bankâs ratio of loans to deposits is 8 percent.

C.the bank keeps 8 percent of its deposits as reserves and loans out the rest.

D.the bank keeps 8 percent of its assets as reserves and loans out the rest.

17.If a bank uses $100 of excess reserves to make a new loan when the reserve ratio is 20 percent, this action by itself initially makes the money supply

A.and wealth increase by $100.

B.and wealth decrease by $100.

C.increase by $100 while wealth does not change.

D.decrease by $100 while wealth decreases by $100.

18.The money multiplier equals

A.1/R, where R represents the quantity of reserves in the economy.

B.1/R, where R represents the reserve ratio for all banks in the economy.

C.1/(1+R), where R represents the quantity of reserves in the economy.

D.1/(1+R), where R represents the reserve ratio for all banks in the economy.

19.If the reserve ratio is 10 percent, the money multiplier is

A.100.

B.10.

C.9/10.

D.1/10.

20.As the reserve ratio increases, the money multiplier

A.increases.

B.does not change.

C.decreases.

D.could do any of the above.

21.If the reserve ratio is 5 percent, then $1,000 of additional reserves can create up to

A.$200 of new money.

B.$2,000 of new money.

C.$20,000 of new money.

D.None of the above is correct.

22.When the Fed makes open-market purchases, bank

A.withdrawals and lending increase.

B.withdrawals increase and lending decreases.

C.deposits and lending increase.

D.deposits increase and lending decreases.

23.The discount rate is the interest rate that

A.banks charge one another for loans.

B.banks charge the Fed for loans.

C.the Fed charges banks for loans.

D.the Fed charges Congress for loans.

24.If the discount rate is lowered, banks borrow

A.less from the Fed so reserves increase.

B.less from the Fed so reserves decrease.

C.more from the Fed so reserves increase.

D.more from the Fed so reserves decrease.

26.The Fed can increase the money supply by conducting open-market

A.sales or by raising the discount rate.

B.sales or by lowering the discount rate.

C.purchases or by raising the discount rate.

D.purchases or by lowering the discount rate.

26.The Fed can directly protect a bank during a bank run by

A.increasing reserve requirements.

B.selling government bonds to the bank.

C.lending reserves to the bank.

D.doing any of the above.

27.The federal funds rate is the interest rate

A.the Federal Reserves charges for loans it makes to the federal government.

B.the Federal Reserve charges banks for short-term loans.

C.banks charge each other for short-term loans of reserves.

D.on newly issued one-year Treasury bonds.

28.If the federal funds rate were below the level the Federal Reserve had targeted, the Fed could move the rate back towards its target by

A.buying bonds. This buying would increase the money supply.

B.buying bonds. This buying would reduce the money supply.

C.selling bonds. This selling would increase the money supply.

D.selling bonds. This selling would reduce the money supply

brownguinea-pig705

Please read the passage and answer the questions below.

During the first half of the 2000s, the Japanese yen was relatively weak against the U.S. dollar. This was a boon for Japanâs export-led economy. On January 1, 2008, it took 122 yen to buy one U.S. dollar. For the next four years, the yen strengthened relentlessly against the dollar, hitting a record high of Â¥75.31 to the dollar on October 31, 2011. The reasons for the rise of the yen were complex and had little to do with the strength of the Japanese economy because there has been very little of that in evidence. The weakness of the yen during the early to mid-2000s was due to the so-called carry trade. This financial strategy involved borrowing in Japanese yen, where interest rates were close to zero, and investing the loans in higher-yielding assets, typically U.S. Treasury bills, which carried interest rates 3 to 4 percentage points greater. Investors made profits from the interest rate differential. At its peak, financial institutions had more than a trillion dollars invested in the carry trade. Because the strategy involved selling borrowed yen to purchase dollar-denominated assets, it drove the value of the yen lower. The interest rate differential existed because the Japanese economy was weak, prices were falling, and the Bank of Japan had been lowering interest rates in an attempt to boost growth and get Japan out of a dangerous deflationary cycle. When the global financial crisis hit in 2008 and 2009, the Federal Reserve in the United States responded by injecting liquidity into battered financial markets, effectively lowering U.S. interest rates on U.S. Treasury bonds. As these fell, the interest rate differential between Japanese and U.S. assets narrowed sharply, and the carry trade became unprofitable. Financial institutions unwound their positions, selling dollar-denominated assets, and buying yen to pay back their original loans. The increased demand drove up the value of the yen. For Japanese exporters, the 40 percent increase in the value of the yen against the dollar (and the euro) between early 2008 and 2012 was a painful experience. A strong yen hurts the price competitiveness of Japanese exports and reduces the value of profits earned overseas when translated back into yen. Take Toyota as an example: In February 2012, the company stated that its profit for the year ending March 31, 2012, would be about Â¥200 billion, 51 percent lower than in the prior year. Toyota makes nearly half of the cars it sells globally at its Japanese plants, so it has been particularly hard hit by a rise in the value of the yen. In late 2012, things started to change when the pro-business Liberal Democratic Party won national elections and Shinzo Abe was appointed prime minister. Abe had campaigned on a platform that included taking actions to weaken the value of the yen to help Japanâs exporters. Even before the election, Japanâs central bank had accelerated purchases of government securities, thereby expanding the money supply, and had agreed to a higher inflation target. Under Abeâs leadership, this policy had explicit government support. One consequence of the policy was to reduce the value of the yen against other currencies. Indeed, between October 2012 and December 2013, the yen lost more than 25 percent of its value against the U.S. dollar. The yen was trading at Â¥104 to the U.S. dollar in late December 2013. While this helped Japanâs exporters, the policy was criticized by other major industrial nations as a unilateral action that came dangerously close to precipitating a currency war.

1. Who in Japan benefits from the devaluation of the yen? Who does this hurt in Japan?

2. What does this case teach you about the way foreign exchange markets work?

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	A.	people believe others will accept them as money.
	B.	they have value as a commodity independent of their use as money.
	C.	they can be redeemed for gold by a central bank or federal government.
	D.	their exchange value is backed by credible legal institutions.