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Which best describes what a central bank uses monetary policy to do? 
 
(i) ensure that the government has a balanced budget. 
(ii) influence financial institutions globally. 
(iii) ensure that the government is sufficiently funded. 
(iv) steer the economy away from recession and toward growth. 

 

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Lelia Lubowitz
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12.

1. Is opportunity cost always present?


2. What is the problem at the heart of economics?


3. What is included in GDP and what is excluded?


4. If the consumer price index increases, how does this impact the average citizen?


5. What is the business cycle?


6. What is the relationship among the potential output level of the economy, the natural rate of unemployment, cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment, and frictional unemployment?


7. What did Keynesians believe about investment and the adjustment of wage rates?


8. What did pre-Keynesian believe about the market and its ability to pull itself out of a recession?


9. What role do investments in human capital, physical capital, technology development, and improving institutional quality play in creating economic growth?


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12. What are the relations between government spending, the marginal propensity to consume, the marginal propensity to save, and the multiplier effect?

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16. What is supply side economics and how does it function?

17. What is the crowding out effect?

18. What is the new classical approach to the stimulatory impact of fiscal policy implemented through deficit spending?

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26. Can you use aggregate demand/ aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of a tax increase?

27. Can you use aggregate demand/aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of an increase in government spending?

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30. Can you use aggregate demand/ aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of a restrictive monetary policy?

31. How do automatic stabilizers influence the economy?

32. How does a deficit and large debt influence the economy?

33. What is the relationship between the expansion of the money supply and inflation?

34. What is the relationship between interest rates and inflation rates?

35. How do expectations impact the effectiveness of monetary policy?

36. What restricts the ability of the Fed to purchase U.S. securities?

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38. What is the primary motivation of bankers and banks?

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41. Why do countries willing lend the U.S. government money despite the relatively large debt to GDP ratio of the United States?

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46. How does the rule of 70 work?

47. Do High Income countries always grow at a faster pace than lesser developed countries?

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12.

Question 32

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1 points

Question 33

  1. An increase in U.S. government spending tends to

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1 points

Question 34

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Question 35

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Question 36

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    transportation costs

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1 points

Question 37

  1. Fiscal policy is more effective in affecting economic activity if

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1 points

Question 38

  1. In a typical year, changes in government spending compared to overall spending are relatively

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1 points

Question 39

  1. Which statement is TRUE about the difference between monetary and fiscal policy?

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1 points

Question 40

  1. Fiscal policies that help an economy in a recession without additional actions by policy makers are called

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1 points

Question 41

  1. The U.S. individual income tax system can best be described as a

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    progressive tax system.

1 points

Question 42

  1. What demographic change in the United States will cause government spending to increase in the next 50 years?

    The population over 65 will grow.

    The population will be younger.

    Women will have fewer children.

    Immigration will increase.

1 points

Question 43

  1. What kind of rising costs will mostly cause U.S. government spending to skyrocket in the future?

    defense

    environmental protection

    education

    health care

1 points

Question 47

  1. The Fed could have popped the bubble of the housing boom in the 2000s by

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    regulating the stock markets more.

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1 points

Question 48

  1. Which of the following would be an example of running monetary policy by rules?

    A 5 percent increase in money supply automatically leads to a 2 percent increase in real GDP.

    An increase in money supply automatically leads to an increase in inflation.

    The Fed will increase money growth to different levels, depending on the severity of the recession.

    A 1 percent drop in real GDP will automatically elicit a 2 percent increase in money supply.

    Question 50

    Moral hazard occurs when

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    financial institutions take on too much risk because they are insured.

    financial institutions become insolvent because they issued too many loans.

    there are more short-term liabilities than short-term assets.

    Which of the following is NOT a transmission mechanism?

    reductions in the money supply

    intertemporal substitution

    uncertainty

    sticky wages and prices

    Question 56

    For a given increase in government spending growth, intertemporal substitution is more widespread when

    the impact of AD growth on both inflation and real GDP growth is stronger.

    the impact of AD growth on both inflation and real GDP growth is weaker.

    the impact of AD growth on inflation is stronger and the impact of the AD growth on real GDP growth is weaker.

    the impact of AD growth on inflation is weaker and the impact of AD growth on real GDP growth is stronger.

    Stalin:

    instituted democratic reforms, leading to widespread prosperity.

    took government control of the farms in Ukraine, leading to the starvation of millions of people.

    increased the provision of public goods, which had a positive effect on lowering the unemployment rate.

    tried unsuccessfully to expand voting rights in 1924 Russia.

    1 points

    Question 60

    1 points

    Question 59

    If voters care about two issues such as taxes and war, then politicians:

    will form a stable policy on these issues.

    can pose a policy that will never lose against another policy.

    must assume that there is no median voter.

    may never converge on a stable outcome.

    1 points

    Question 58

    Policy A adversely affects 50 million people at a cost of $1 per person. But Policy A also benefits 1,000 people at $30,000 per person. Which of the following statements is true?

    Policy A will not become law because it hurts more people than it helps.

    Policy A concentrates all the costs among a small group of people and all the benefits among a large group of people.

    Policy A is likely to be supported by politicians even though it makes society worse off.

    Since Policy A negatively affects many people, and so rational ignorance will not be a problem.

    1 points

    Question 57

    Data for the United States show that the incumbent party tends to win the election if:
    I. personal disposable income is growing.
    II. the inflation rate is low.
    III. the political party has not been in power for too many continuous terms.

    I only

    I and II only

    I and III only

    I, II, and III

    1 points

    Question 53

    1 points

    Question 52

    What is the purpose of the Fed's structure?

    to give the President of the United States as many tools as possible to regulate the economy

    to make sure all states are given equal access to monetary policy decisions

    to keep the private sector out of the monetary policy making arena

    to keep the power of the Fed dispersed

    1 points

    Question 51

    An increase in money growth will cause inflation to increase in

    the short run only.

    the long run only.

    both the short run and the long run.

    neither the short run nor the long run.

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