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The more substitutes that exist in a market,
a. the more likely the market will be characterized as an oligopoly.
b. the easier it will be to utilize a target profit pricing strategy.
c. the greater the income elasticity for each product.
d. the lower the price elasticity for each product.
e. the more sensitive consumers will be to changes in the price of a particular product.

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Divya Singh
Divya SinghLv10
6 Oct 2020

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Related questions

Which of the following statements about price elasticity of demand is most accurate?
 
(i) Price elasticity with inelastic demand must always be greater than one.
(ii) The more substitutes a product has, the less likely it is to be price elastic.
(iii) Unitary demand represents the relationship between the cash outlay necessary to purchase a product, relative to a person's disposable income.
(iv) With inelastic demand, reducing price will result in an increase in total revenue though not necessarily an increase in profit.
(v) Items requiring large cash outlay relative to the consumer's disposable income are price elastic.

Answer the following 24 questions.

1. The elasticity that measures how sensitive the buyers of a good are to a change in the price of another good is called:

a. price-elasticity of demand

b. income-elasticity of demand

c. cross-price-elasticity of demand

d. price-elasticity of supply

2. If the price of walnuts rises, many people would switch from consuming walnuts to consuming pecans. But if the price of salt rises, people would have difficulty purchasing something to use in its place. These examples illustrate the importance of

a. the availability of close substitutes in determining the price elasticity of demand.

b. a necessity versus a luxury in determining the price elasticity of demand.

c. the definition of a market in determining the price elasticity of demand.

d. the time horizon in determining the price elasticity of demand.

3. Suppose that Juan Carlos is filling out a survey that he received in the mail. The survey asks him what he would do if the price of his favorite toothpaste increased. Juan Carlos reports that he would switch to a different brand. The survey asks what he would do if the price of all kinds of toothpaste increased. Juan Carlos reports that he must use toothpaste, so he would have to adjust his spending elsewhere. These examples illustrate the importance of

a. changes in total revenue in determining the price elasticity of demand.

b. a necessity versus a luxury in determining the price elasticity of demand.

c. the definition (broad vs narrow) of a market in determining the price elasticity of demand.

d. the time horizon in determining the price elasticity of demand.

4. Suppose that gasoline prices increase dramatically this month. Lola commutes 100 miles to work each weekday. Over the next few months, Lola drives less on the weekends to try to save money. Within the year, she sells her home and purchases one only 10 miles from her place of employment. These examples illustrate the importance of

a. the availability of substitutes in determining the price elasticity of demand.

b. a necessity versus a luxury in determining the price elasticity of demand.

c. the definition of a market in determining the price elasticity of demand.

d. the time horizon in determining the price elasticity of demand.

5. When a smartphone manufacturer introduces a phone with new features (like a more powerful camera, more storage, a screen with better definition, or being waterproof) and advertises them, it is

a. trying to decrease buyers' price-elasticity of demand by differentiating the goods relative to the competition so that consumers perceive it as having no close substitutes in the market.

b. trying to decrease buyers' price-elasticity of demand by differentiating the goods relative to the competition so that consumers perceive it as having more substitutes in the market.

c. trying to increase buyers' price-elasticity of demand by differentiating the goods relative to the competition so that consumers perceive it as having more substitutes in the market.

d. trying to increase buyers' price-elasticity of demand by differentiating the goods relative to the competition so that consumers perceive it as having no close substitutes in the market.

6. Consider the following two alternative scenarios.

1) In scenario 1, the price of all smartphones increases by 10%.

2) In scenario 2, the price of Samsung smartphones increases by 10% while the price of all other smartphones stays the same as before.

Which of the following is true?

a. The quantity demanded of Samsung phones in scenario 2 falls by more, in percentage terms, than the quantity demanded of all phones in scenario 1.

b. The quantity demanded of Samsung phones in scenario 2 falls by less, in percentage terms, than the quantity demanded of all phones in scenario 1.

7. As more electric car models appear in the market, the price elasticity of demand for the models already in the market should

a. Stay the same. In other words, buyers' sensitivity to changes in the price of the existing cars does not change.

b. Increase. In other words, buyers' sensitivity to changes in the price of the existing cars increases.

c. Decrease. In other words, buyers' sensitivity to changes in the price of the product of the car decreases.

8. Demand for a good is likely to be flatter if

a. the good has many substitutes

b. the good is narrowly defined

c. we are considering the long run rather than the short run

d. the good is a luxury.

e. All of the above.

9. If the price elasticity of the demand for ice-cream is equal to 1.5, then

a. a 1% increase in price will lead to a 1.5% increase in quantity demanded.

b. a 1% increase in price will lead to a 150% fall in quantity demanded.

c. a 1% increase in price will lead to a 15% fall in quantity demanded.

d. a 1% increase in price will lead to a 1.5% fall in quantity demanded.

10. If the price elasticity of demand for oil is 0.7, then

a. Demand is elastic, buyers are relatively sensitive to price, and the demand curve is relatively flat.

b. Demand is elastic, buyers are relatively insensitive to price, and the demand curve is relatively flat.

c. Demand is inelastic, buyers are relatively insensitive to price, and the demand curve is relatively steep.

d. Demand is inelastic, buyers are relatively sensitive to price, and the demand curve is relatively flat.

11. Note: this question is not about calculating elasticity, but about showing that you know how to calculate a % change using the midpoint method in any circumstance.

A biology class at Q State University initially had 205 students. After the first test, enrollment dropped to 195 students. Using the midpoint method, the % change in the number of students is equal to

a. 10%

b. approximately 5.12%

c. approximately 4.88%

d. 5%

12. When the price of a good is $5, the quantity demanded is 100 units per month; when the price is $7, the quantity demanded is 80 units per month. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand is approximately

a. 0.22.

b. 0.67.

c. 1.33.

d. 1.50.

13. If the price elasticity of demand for hamburgers is 0.4, then a 20% increase in the price of hamburgers will lead to

a. an 8% fall in quantity demanded.

b. a 20% fall in quantity demanded.

c. a 0.4% fall in quantity demanded.

d. a 4% fall in quantity demanded.

14. If the price elasticity of demand for cruises is 1.4, a 1% decrease in the price of cruises will lead to a

a. A 1.4% increase in quantity demanded.

b. A 1% increase in quantity demanded.

c. A 1.4% decrease in quantity demanded.

d. A 1% decrease in quantity demanded.

15. A city wants to raise revenues to build a new municipal swimming pool next year. The mayor suggests that the city raise the price of admission to the existing municipal pools this year to raise revenues. The city manager suggests that the city lower the price of admission to raise revenues. Who is correct?

a. the mayor

b. the city manager

c. The answer depends on the price elasticity of demand.

d. The answer depends on the costs of construction of the new municipal swimming pool.

16. When demand is elastic, an increase in price will cause

a. an increase in total revenue.

b. a decrease in total revenue.

c. no change in total revenue.

d. not enough information.

17. Consider luxury weekend hotel packages in Las Vegas. When the price is $250, the quantity demanded is 2,000 packages per week. When the price is $280, the quantity demanded is 1,700 packages per week. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand is about

a. 1.43, and an increase in the price will cause hotels' total revenue to decrease.

b. 1.43, and an increase in the price will cause hotels' total revenue to increase.

c. 0.70, and an increase in the price will cause hotels' total revenue to decrease.

d. 0.70, and an increase in the price will cause hotels' total revenue to increase.

18. Suppose researchers at the University of Wisconsin discovered a new vitamin that increases the milk production of dairy cows. If the demand for milk is relatively inelastic, the discovery will

a. raise both price and total revenues.

b. lower both price and total revenues.

c. raise the price and lower total revenues.

d. lower price and raise total revenues.

19. When we calculate elasticities, whether the percent changes have a plus or a minus sign matters if we are calculating

a. Price elasticity of demand, because the signs give us information about whether the good is normal or inferior.

b. Income elasticity of demand, because the signs give us information about whether the good is normal or inferior.

c. Cross-price-elasticity of demand, because the signs give us information about whether the goods are substitutes or complements.

d. b and c are both correct.

20. Income elasticity of demand measures how

a. the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes.

b. consumer purchasing power is affected by a change in the price of a good.

c. the price of a good is affected when there is a change in consumer income.

d. many units of a good a consumer can buy given a certain income level.

21. Last year, Carolyn bought 6 pairs of earrings when her income was $40,000. This year, her income is $52,000, and she purchased 7 pairs of earrings. Holding other factors constant, it follows that Carolyn's income elasticity of demand is about

a. 0.59, and Carolyn regards earrings as an inferior good.

b. 0.59, and Carolyn regards earrings as a normal good.

c. 1.7, and Carolyn regards earrings as an inferior good.

d. 1.7, and Carolyn regards earrings as a normal good.

22. Sandra purchases 5 pounds of coffee and 10 gallons of milk per month when the price of coffee is $10 per pound. She purchases 6 pounds of coffee and 12 gallons of milk per month when the price of coffee is $8 per pound. Sandra's cross-price elasticity of demand for milk with respect to the price of coffee

a. 0.82, and the goods are substitutes.

b. -0.82, and the goods are complements.

c. 1.22, and the goods are substitutes.

d. -1.22, and the goods are complements.

23. Supply of good is likely to be steeper (that is, more inelastic)

a. if sellers can cheaply make more units of the good on short notice.

b. in the long run.

c. in the short run.

d. if sellers have a large degree of flexibility to expand factory size.

24. When the price of a barrel of oil is $35, an oil fracking company is willing to produce 500 gallons per minute. If the price increased to $45, the company would be willing to produce 2500 gallons per minute. Using the midpoint method, calculate the company's price elasticity of supply.

 a. approximately 1.33

 b. 0.25

 c. approximately 5.33

d. approximately 0.188

 

Discussion #1

The law of demand states that a fall in the price of a good raises the quantity demanded, and the increase in price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. Demand for a good is said to be elastic if the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price. Demand is said to be inelastic if the quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in the price, which indicates that the percentage in price is greater than the percentage in quantity demanded.

However, the extent of responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price depends on the nature of a particular good or service in the market. The price elasticity of demand partly depends on the availability of close substitutes. When a large number of substitutes are available, consumers respond to a higher price of a good by buying more of the substitute goods and less of the relatively more expensive good. In addition, goods or services that are considered necessities tend to have less elastic (more inelastic) demand, whereas goods or services that are considered luxuries have more elastic (less inelastic) demands.

  • Explain why the demand for the good or service provided by the organization you work for is elastic or inelastic. How does this influence pricing decisions?
  • Provide examples on how the availability of close substitutes affects price elasticity of demand.
  • Give specific examples of necessities or luxuries, and explain how they affect price elasticity of goods or services.

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