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Why were many consumer goods marketed to women?

  1. women wanted household appliances
  2. women drove the automobiles
  3. Women controlled family income
  4. women earned higher wages

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Shree Harini V
Shree Harini VLv5
22 Aug 2020

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Related questions

"The Census Bureau released its annual look at US household incomes on Tuesday, the most detailed report on the financial health of the nation in the run-up to the 2016 election. The economy is once again the central background of the 2016 campaign. The data confirmed what the Obama administration has been trying to convince American voters of for more than a year: the US economic recovery is here. But it also highlighted how much work remains to be done.

Yes, the median household income saw its first significant increase since 2007 last year, rising by 5.2%. It's the first rise since the recession and since Obama was elected, and it's a significant moment. But, for perspective, that increase brings the median household income up to $56,516 a year, which is about where it was back in 1999. Adjusted for inflation, Americans today are bringing home 2.4% less than they were at the turn of the millennium. It's no wonder that so many feel as though they haven't had a significant raise in years because they haven't.

In 2015, the gender wage gap shrank by a penny. This means that women earned 80 cents for every dollar earned by men that year, up from 79 cents the year before. Clinton has long called for equal pay. While serving in the US Senate, she co-sponsored the Paycheck Fairness Act, which despite being introduced in every Congress since 1997 has yet to pass.

Speaking at the Republican national convention, Ivanka Trump promised that her father too would fight for equal pay for women. He will fight for equal pay for equal work, and I will fight for this too, right alongside him, she said''

Questions for discussion:

1) Could we have done anything different to bring down the unemployment rate faster? Would this have made things worse?

2) Consumption is the largest component of GDP and the level of consumption will largely be determined by the number of money people have. How have we had consistent growth in GDP for several years considering real wages have not gone up until now?

1. Because many men traditionally have not produced a lot of household commodities

a. they are more likely to reduce hours of work after a decrease in their wage rate
Ā  b. their income effect is likely to be smaller than that of women
Ā  c. they can more easily substitute leisure for household production
d. they are less likely to reduce hours of work after a decrease in their wage rate

2. One of the main changes in the typical family in the United States over the past 30-40 years has been

Ā  a. non-marital births have decreased appreciably
Ā  b. marriage has declined while cohabitation has risen
Ā  c. single-parent families have fallen considerably
Ā  d. median age at first marriage has decreased

3. A single mother is currently paying childcare cost of $10 an hour and she works 8 hours a day. The government then decides to provides child care at a constant $80 a day. The effect of this event will be to:

Ā  a. cause the mother to work more hours
Ā  b. cause the mother to work less hours
Ā  c. cannot tell without knowing which effect dominates: the income or substitution effect
Ā  d. cause the mother to work the same hours

4. Which statement correctly describes the relationship between Marriage and Poverty?

Ā  a. poverty as a whole can be solved by people just having children
Ā  b. Children who grow up in a dual parent household are significantly more likely to experience poverty
Ā  c. Children who grow up in a dual parent household are significantly less likely to experience poverty
Ā  d. poverty as a whole can be solved by people just staying married

5. The real determining "discriminatory" factor in higher education today is

a. "out of state" status
b. race
Ā  c. income
Ā  d. gender

As the U.S. Surgeon General warns on each pack of cigarettes, smoking can be hazardous to your health. Researchers estimate that smoking kills 440,000 Americans a year10 times the fatalities from traffic accidents. Smoking is the overwhelming cause of lung cancer, which is the top cancer killer among women. Four of five people with lung cancer die within three years. Smoking is also the leading cause of heart disease, emphysema, and stroke.

Thus, smoking imposes major health and economic costs. Policymakers try to reduce these costs by discouraging smoking, especially among young people. About one in four U.S. high school students were smokers in 2005, the same rate as in 2003. Each day, about 3,000 U.S. teens under 18 become regular smokers. Worldwide, an estimated 100,000 teens become regular smokers each day.

One way to reduce youth smoking is to prohibit the sale of cigarettes to minors. A second way is to raise the price through higher cigarette taxes. The amount by which a given price hike reduces teen smoking depends on the price elasticity of demand. This elasticity is higher for teens than for adults. Why are teenagers more sensitive to price changes than adults?

First, recall that one factor affecting elasticity is the importance of the item in the consumer's budget. Because teen income is relatively low, the share spent on cigarettes usually exceeds the share spent by adult smokers.

Second, peer pressure shapes a young person's decision to smoke more than an adult's decision to continue smoking (if anything, adults face negative peer pressure for smoking). Thus, the effect of a higher price gets magnified among young smokers because that higher price also reduces smoking by peers. With fewer peers smoking, teens face less pressure to smoke.

And, third, young people not yet addicted to nicotine are more sensitive to price increases than are adult smokers, who are more likely to be already hooked.

The experience from other countries supports the effectiveness of higher cigarette taxes in reducing teen smoking. For example, a large tax increase on cigarettes in Canada cut youth smoking by two-thirds. Another way to reduce smoking is to change consumer tastes through health warnings on packages. In Canada, these warnings include photos showing how smoking can affect the brain, teeth, and gums, and a wilted cigarette depicts male impotence.

In Australia, labels show gangrenous limbs, underweight babies, cancerous mouths, and blind eyes. Belgium adds corpses to the picture.

In California, a combination of higher cigarette taxes and an ambitious awareness program contributed to a 5 per cent decline in lung cancer among women, even as it rose 13 per cent in the rest of the country. (As of 2007, state taxes varied from a low of 7 cents per pack in South Carolina to a high of $2.58 in New Jersey.)

More generally, the message about the dangers of smoking along with the higher cost of cigarettes has affected over time. Only about 20 per cent of American adults now smoke, down from more than half in the 1960s.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each pack of cigarettes sold in the United States costs society $7.18 in higher health care costs and lost worker productivity. The added cost exceeds $150 billion a year, which works out to be about $3,400 per smoker per year.

What is the best way to prevent and reduce smoking? Briefly discuss.

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