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1.Evaluate the arguments for the use of market or incentive-based instruments versus command and control instruments in the regulation of environmental externalities under conditions of certainity?

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Related questions

Please answer True or False:

1. By definition, the marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve shows the change in costs associated with higher levels of abatement, using the most widely available technology

2. The command-and-control approach to environmental policy uses rules, emissions limits, and various incentive-based policy instruments.

3. According to the cost-effectiveness criterion, all polluting sources would abate pollution to the point where their individual marginal abatement cost (MAC) levels were equal.

4. The condition for an efficient bargaining under the Coase Theorem is that the marginal willingness to accept is greater than the marginal willingness to pay.

5. An example of a location choice policy is urban planning rules.

6. Command and Control instruments can intervene at any stage of production.

Select all that apply to being the following reasons in why incentive based regulation is often preferable to command and control:

a.) It incentivizes research and development for clean technology

b.) It is easier to achieve cost-effectiveness

c.) It encourages continual reduction in pollution

d,) It requires more information

e.) It is the only way to achieve the optimal level of pollution

In the U.S., the command-and-control environmental laws of the early 1970s, together with the ensuing amendments and updates that have been made to them over time,

a) are given considerable credit for cleaner air and water in recent decades.

b) were an inexpensive incentive for industrial polluters to improve performance.

c) were necessary as US industries had zero incentive to control pollution.

d) draws a distinction between the needs of firms and costly equipment upgrades.

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