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2. Which processes or concepts involved in developing forecasted financial statements can be applied to cash forecasting? Write a paragraph about the similarities and the differences. Should the same people be involved in both processes? Why or why not? Which process is critical for a small business owner? Why?

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Jean Keeling
Jean KeelingLv2
28 Sep 2019

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1 a) Compare ETFs (Electronic / Exchange Traded Funds) with Mutual Funds studied in the class. Specifically look at the (i) common features, such as ownership and the financial assets involved; and differences between the funds.

b) How or in what way is the ETF connected to the Financial System. Specifically, think about the assets, involvement in financial institution or financial market with the justification (that is reasons) in mind.

2 . In the recent past, small business lenders (for example 'biz2credit', 'kabbage', 'CANCapital', and 'LendingClub') have become popular. Their major function is to provide loans to small businesses to carry on the day-to-day business operations. You may not need to do research in order to answer the following questions. But most definitely you would have to use your analytical mind and make connections to the material learned in the class.

a) Why are these lenders important to the financial system? Include the competition from the financial institutions (such as commercial banks, shadow banks) discussed in the class.

b) What do you think about the long run sustainability of these lenders? Think about what does it take to survive as lenders and what may be major hurdles for their survival.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps taken in the financial planning process?
Answer Forecast the funds that will be generated internally. If internal funds are insufficient to cover the required new investment, then identify sources from which the required external capital can be raised.
Monitor operations after implementing the plan to spot any deviations and then take corrective actions.
Determine the amount of capital that will be needed to support the plan.
Develop a set of forecasted financial statements under alternative versions of the operating plan in order to analyze the effects of different operating procedures on projected profits and financial ratios.
Consult with key competitors about the optimal set of prices to charge, i.e., the prices that will maximize profits for our firm and its competitors.
.2 points
Question 9

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
Answer Since accounts payable and accrued liabilities must eventually be paid off, as these accounts increase, AFN as calculated by the AFN equation must also increase.
Suppose a firm is operating its fixed assets at below 100% of capacity, but it has no excess current assets. Based on the AFN equation, its AFN will be larger than if it had been operating with excess capacity in both fixed and current assets.
If a firm retains all of its earnings, then it cannot require any additional funds to support sales growth.
Additional funds needed (AFN) are typically raised using a combination of notes payable, long-term debt, and common stock. Such funds are non-spontaneous in the sense that they require explicit financing decisions to obtain them.
If a firm has a positive free cash flow, then it must have either a zero or a negative AFN.
.2 points
Question 10

Spontaneous funds are generally defined as follows:
Answer Assets required per dollar of sales.
A forecasting approach in which the forecasted percentage of sales for each item is held constant.
Funds that a firm must raise externally through short-term or long-term borrowing and/or by selling new common or preferred stock.
Funds that arise out of normal business operations from its suppliers, employees, and the government, and they include immediate increases in accounts payable, accrued wages, and accrued taxes.
The amount of cash raised in a given year minus the amount of cash needed to finance the additional capital expenditures and working capital needed to support the firm

Cost-Benefit Analysis: Assume you're a legislator facing the following scenario. A new kind of water pollution chemical named "loppukoe" is discovered. Some companies discharge "loppukoe" to the streams of water in the area under your legislation. Statistical evaluations find that as a result of this pollution, in each year, 2,000,000 fish and 10 people die. You can pass a law to prohibit such pollution, but obviously there are some administration and compliance costs (costs of regulation) involved.
I) How much should the costs of regulations be in order for you to pass the law? Show your calculations. Make assumptions about the value of life of the humans and the fish. (5 pts.)
II) Assume that an alternative production process can be used which does not discharge "loppukoe", but instead emits a dangerous gas named "lokapróf". This air pollution if not prevented by law, will kill 11 people per year (it is harmless to animals). As a legislator, you can either allow "lokapróf" or "loppukoe". Use your assumptions from part I to determine, which one should be allowed. (5 pts.)

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