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List at least five “Best financial practices” that are important for the healthcare organizations to follow. Base your choice on your reading in this course and research.

Explain why each of these practices are important for healthcare organizations.

Explain what can go wrong if the practice is not followed.

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Reid Wolff
Reid WolffLv2
28 Sep 2019
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essay questions from the list.

A. The “Supply and Demand” analysis for bonds offers a theory for how interest rates are determined.

1. List the Demand factors that affect interest rates.

2. List the Supply factors that affect interest rates.

3. Which factors do you believe are most important in determining interest rates?

B. Issuing bonds are an important mechanism for attracting capital into the financial markets.

1. What is the importance of Credit-Rating Agencies?

2. List at least two (2) credit-rating agencies in the US.

3. Explain how they affect the efficiency of Capital Markets.

C. Junk bonds are common in the secondary market.

1. Explain what is a “Junk” bond.

2. If they are NOT “Investment” grade, then why are they popular with investors?

3. Discuss an example of a “Junk” bond that would be a very profitable investment.

D. It is hard to avoid “conflicts of interest” in financial markets.

1. Why is it so important to identify a conflict of interest?

2. Discuss a specific finance example.

3. Explain how financial markets operate to minimize “conflicts of interest.”

E. Financial Engineering has been blamed as an important cause of the 2008 Financial Crisis.

1. Explain the advantages of “Financial Engineering.”

2. Explain the disadvantages of “Financial Engineering.”

3. Provide an example of “Financial Engineering.” Who benefited the most from this financial innov

A. Trillions of dollars in asset value disappeared after the peak of the 2006 Asset Bubble.

1. What factors do you think were most important in the 2008 Financial Meltdown?

2. How did they impact the confidence in the financial markets?

3. What policies do you think are most important in preventing a future financial crisis? Explain.

B. Financial Innovation and Liberalization contributed to the Global Financial Crisis.

1. Explain how specific examples of “Financial Innovation” negatively impacted financial markets during this period.

2. Explain how specific examples of “Financial Liberalization” negatively impacted financial markets during this period.

3. How did consumer lending and bank supervisory regulation contribute to the Financial Crisis? Could it Happen Again? Explain.

Case Study: Price Discrimination in Practice

What do American Airlines, Walgreens, Staples, Stanford University, AT&T, the Mayo Clinic, and Safeway have in com-mon? They all price discriminate (Valentino-Devries, Singer-Vine, and Soltani 2012). They charge different customers different amounts for the same product.Pharmaceutical discounts are the clearest examples of healthcare price discrimination because the products are identical. Only the prices differ. A cash customer (e.g., someone without insurance coverage) would pay the highest price, the list price. Most customers pay much less than list price. Insurers negotiate discounts with manufacturers and pharmacies. These discounts are typically about 30 percent (Herper 2012). Some hospitals and HMOs have their own pharmacies and can negotiate even better deals with manufacturers. These organizations sometimes pay as little as 40 per-cent of list price. Most discounts come in the form of rebates, meaning that a purchaser pays the list price up front but gets a payment from the seller later. This process makes resale more difficult and limits price transparency (Morgan, Daw, and Thomson 2013). The federal government has multiple discount programs. The larg-est is the Medicaid rebate program, which requires manufacturers to pay a rebate that varies by the type of drug. Prices, formularies, and copayments vary from state to state, so whether the Medicaid rebate program covers the most effective medications or gets the best prices is not clear (Millar et al. 2011). Many federally funded clinics and hospitals are eligible for the Medicaid discount. However, these agencies can often negotiate better deals because they can buy wholesale and because they can choose drugs for their formularies. Tribal and territorial governments can use the prices on the Federal Supply Schedule, which federal agencies use to buy common supplies and services. The Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Public Health Service, and the Coast Guard may get prices that are slightly lower than the Federal Supply Schedule because of a provision called the federal ceiling price . This provision caps the price using a formula based on private-sector transactions. Finally, these agencies can try to negotiate prices below the federal ceiling price. The VA, which uses a national formulary, has used its bar-gaining power to get substantially better prices. Frakt, Pizer, and Feld-man (2012) report that the VA’s prices are 37 to 44 percent lower than Medicare prices.

Discussion questions:

• Why do drug firms give discounts voluntarily?

• Do other healthcare providers routinely give discounts to some customers?

• Why do the uninsured typically pay the highest prices?

• Why would a hospital usually get a better price for a drug than an insurance company?

• Why does the VA get such low prices?

• Suppose a law was enacted that required drug manufacturers to give state Medicaid agencies the same price they negotiated with the VA. How would Medicaid and VA prices change?

• Should Medicare adopt the VA formulary?

Part III Overview To make corporate finance decisions, take an advanced finance course, or pursue a career in finance, you will need to understand basic concepts. This includes going beyond the number crunching and reading graphs in order to analyze various financial indicators. This analysis can lead to many important decisions in your financial career. For this part of the final project, you will be given a scenario in which you are asked to illustrate your financial knowledge and analysis skills.

This part of the assessment addresses the following course outcomes: · Analyze the roles and responsibilities of financial managers in confirming compliance with federal and shareholder requirements · Differentiate between various financial markets and institutions by comparing and contrasting options when selecting appropriate private and corporate investments · Compute financial ratios, time value, variables, and returns using industry standard tools for optimizing financial success · Analyze corporate financial data for multiple companies in evaluating past and future financial performances

Part III Prompt The results of both sections of your employment examination have finally been received, and you were offered the position. You have a few important decisions to make before you can formally accept or decline the position. When composing your answers to these decisions, ensure that they are cohesive and read like a short essay. Your submission must address the following critical elements:

I. School Versus Work A. The school you would like to attend costs $100,000. To help finance your education, you need to choose whether or not to sell your 1,000 shares of Apple stock, 1,000 EE Savings Bonds (with $100 denominations and 4.25% coupon rate) that are five years from their 30-year maturity date, or a combination of both. Provide the appropriate data and calculations that you would perform to make this decision.

B. What are the advantages and disadvantages of selling a combination of stocks and bonds? Be sure to support your answers.

C. Suppose that you choose to sell your stocks, bonds, or a combination of both. What is your choice, and what is your financial reasoning behind this choice? Consider supporting your answer with quantitative data.

D. Suppose that you choose to accept the job. What is your financial reasoning behind this choice? Be sure to support your answer with quantitative data.

II. Bonus Versus Stock A. The company has offered you a $5,000 bonus, which you may receive today, or 100 shares of the company’s stock, which has a current stock price of $50 per share. Mathematically, what is the best choice? Why?

B. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each option? Be sure to support your answers.

C. What would you ultimately choose to do? What is your financial reasoning behind this choice? Consider supporting your answer with quantitative data.

III. Compliance A. While investigating the shares offered to you by your potential boss, you discover that the company you are considering working for is not registered as required under the Securities Act of 1933. How does this influence you as a potential employee and as a potential shareholder? Be sure to reference any applicable statutes or laws.

B. You know that accepting this job may eventually lead to a promotion into the role of the financial manager. As the potential financial manager, what federal and shareholder requirements would you need to be familiar with in order to ensure that you are being completely compliant?

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