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Do police need probable cause before they can conduct a search on school grounds? When can educators legally search students? Do you believe there would be fewer problems if schools had more freedom to search and seize illegal weapons or drugs on school grounds?

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Beverley Smith
Beverley SmithLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Budget Cutting Time in a Public Middle School

You are the principal for a rural middle school located in the northwest. You are directly responsible for ensuring the education of 800 students and supervising 45 teachers and 15 support staff. You thought you had an operating budget of $2,200,000, but budget cutbacks have reduced your funding by $200,000. It is mid June, and you know you will not be able to get any more money for the upcoming school year. In addition, student enrollments have been increasing steadily over the past few years and are currently at record levels. The teachers, support staff, and school board all know about the budget cutbacks, and state law forbids public schools from carrying over any debt into the next school year.

Dwayne Jones has been at the school for ten years and recently was voted to be president of the teachers' union. You have always gotten along well with Dwayne, but have had several disagreements about the administration's ability to assess a teacher's impact in the classroom. You feel that teaching is no different than any other profession, and a teacher's ability to make classes interesting and convey knowledge can be assessed through observations made by the administration staff and national testing scores. Dwayne believes it is impossible to adequately assess the impact teachers have on students, and as a result feels all salary, promotion, and termination decisions should be made on the basis of seniority, not merit. You have observed all of the teachers in your school several times over the past year, and you feel six of them are incompetent. In addition, these six teachers have more complaints from students and parents combined than the all of the remaining teachers at the school. However, these six teachers have been at the school an average of eight years and were staunch supporters of Dwayne during the election for union president. Dwayne had promised his constituents he would work hard to ensure all personnel decisions involving teachers would be solely based on seniority. The union contract allows you to terminate ineffective teachers, and you would save $180,000 through this personnel decision (each of these teachers makes about $30,000). However, the contract also specifies both you and the union president must agree before this termination decision can become official. When you tell Dwayne your ideas about eliminating the ineffective teachers, he stated he would not go along with the idea and suggested you eliminate the eight most junior teachers at the school instead. All eight of these teachers are young, have less than two years of teaching experience, and have proven to be enthusiastic and effective teachers. Because each of these less experienced teachers make approximately $20,000 per year, you could save the school $160,000 by choosing this option.

The school has three full time physical education teachers and supports 12 male and female athletic teams. You are good friends with all three physical education instructors, and two of the members of the school board have children on at least one of the athletic teams. Because all three physical education teachers have been at the school a number years, eliminating physical education from the school's curriculum would save $120,000 in teachers' salaries and $70,000 in athletic team support.

The school has 15 non-union support staff who do jobs ranging from administrative support, custodial and maintenance work, library management, and food services support. You have always felt the support people were the glue that held the school together, and many of them attended the school as teenagers and all will go the extra mile to ensure the school runs well. The support personnel tend to be fairly senior, as the most junior has six years of experience and the most senior has over 30 years of experience. Cutting out the school hot lunch program would eliminate four food services positions ($50,000) and the school's funding obligation in support of the program ($80,000). Eliminating two of the five administrative staff positions would save $35,000, one of the two library positions $17,000, and two of the four custodial positions would save $28,000.

The school has special math, science, and English programs for talented and gifted students. Elaine Simpson teaches these programs, and she has been very successful at getting her students to do well in local and state math, science, and English competitions. You will save approximately $25,000 by eliminating a teaching position and $3,000 in support funds if you cut this program from the school curriculum.

The school board would like to see your plan for dealing with the budget crisis, and they want to meet with you in two weeks. What are your recommendations?

Use the Social Competencies in Worksite Wellness Table, provided in the Resources, to compare and contrast the typical wellness needs of employees in each of the following workplace settings:

A large automotive plant in Detroit.

A single fast food store in Texas.

Your workplace (or school) community.

Write no more than a few phrases or brief sentences in each table cell. For the purposes of this particular assignment, it is not necessary to conduct exhaustive research, or to investigate any particular real-world workplace. Instead, search for general information based on the type of workplace, its size, and its general location. Keep track of your resources in order to include them in your references list. Notice any statistical trends that may emerge. Focus on discovering the distinctive needs of employees in each setting.

Address the following health care competencies for employees in each of the three environments:

Probable Number and Age of Employees: How many people work at the site, and how old are they, on average? Are there specific health care needs associated with this age group?

Probable Ethnicity of Employees: What are the ethnicities of the employees? Are there health care needs specific to these ethnic groups? Provide typical population percentages, if possible.

Probable Task Health and Safety Needs: What health and safety needs are presented by the job tasks performed by employees? For example, at the fast food restaurant, burn injuries may be a danger. At the motor company, injuries could occur due to repetitive motion, poor lighting, or accidents involving machines.

Probable Hierarchy of Needs: Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (refer to the Unit 5 Studies, speculate on the likeliest needs level motivating employees in this workplace setting.

Individual Focus Change: Consider what individual employees could do to improve their own health and safety at the site.

Community Focus Change: Consider what you, as a health care manager, could do to establish a healthy worksite community.

Policy Focus Change: What policies would you implement?

Social Marketing: How would you market the policies you would propose to the employees?

Remember to address the wellness needs of the employees, not of the consumers who buy the products or services.

* Just need to answer Question F, Thanks

Central County includes five townships (Nixon, Reagan, Davis, Greasy Creek, Navaho) and one city (Booneville). It is served by two independent school districts: Seagram United (Davis and Greasy Creek Townships) and Yeltsin Consolidated Schools (Nixon, Reagan, and Navaho Townships). Each government in the county levies a property tax to finance its activities, although Booneville has also enacted a local earned income tax (it is expected to yield $750,000 in the next year). Property tax rates are applied to assessed value, defined to equal 50 percent fair cash value. Local unit tax rates fully overlap. The county assessor reports the following fair cash values for units within the county:

Nixon Township $69,535,000

Reagan Township $35,000,000

Davis Township $23,720,000

Greasy Creek Township $15,922,000

Navaho Township $27,291,000

Booneville (Davis Township) $88,450,000

Booneville (Greasy Creek Township) $75,392,000

The township value data are for the area outside of any city or town that resides in the township. Values within a city must be added to obtain the township total. Planned Expenditure by Taxing Units The following presents the amounts that each taxing unit has budgeted to spend in the next year:

Central County $3,428,000

Booneville City $4,539,000

Nixon Township $ 99,000

Reagan Township $ 150,000

Davis Township $ 250,000

Greasy Creek Township $ 175,000

Navaho Township $ 83,000

Seagram United Schools $6,350,000

Yeltsin Consolidated Schools $3,800,000

A. Set the property tax rate for each taxing unit. Report each rate in dollars per $100 of assessed value. 


B. The Knight family owns property with a fair cash value of $100,000 in the Davis portion of Booneville. Prepare an itemized tax bill for the Knights. 


C. Suppose the current market value of the Knights’ property is actually $225,000. What is their actual assessment ratio? What effective total property tax rate do they pay?

D. There are 1,800 students in Seagram United Schools and 600 students in Clinton Consolidated Schools. How many dollars per pupil would a tax rate of $1 per $100 of assessed value yield in each district? Explain the significance of this comparison. 


E. A factory with an estimated fair cash value of $15 million may be built in Navaho Township. If the factory has no impact on spending by any local government, i.e., levies do not change, and there are no other changes in the county assessed values, what total property tax bill would the factory face? 


F. Suppose that the county undergoes a general reassessment that doubles the assessed values of every taxing unit and that state law forbids any taxing unit from increasing its property tax levy by more than 3 percent. (The factory from part e, sadly enough, ends up in Mexico, so there is no impact from its value.) Assume that the property owned by the Knights (as above) doubles in assessed value and that the city, county, and school districts increase their levies by the maximum allowed, but that there is no increase in levies by any township. What is the Knights’ new property tax? 


* Just need to answer Question F, Thanks

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