Question

Aside from cost-based system pricing , what better method is appropriate for this case, state reason why.

I. SYNTHESIS

Refreshing beverages such as fruit shake and smoothies have become the quickest way to beat the heat, especially during dry season. Over the last two years, Pearly Shake has become known as a quench thirst for people living near Galas Market. Acclaimed to be the only flavored shake business located in the area with its affordable beverages ranging from ₱25.00 for the regular size shake and ₱30.00 pesos for large size shake with a topping of your choice. According to Ms. Analyn Lim, owner of Pearly Shake, her business makes ₱ 15,000 to ₱17,000 average sales per day. Pearly Shake offers variety of flavors (in powdered form) such as bubblegum, double-dutch, strawberry, vanilla, chocolate and ube.

As what the owner have said “a micro-scale business do not require much investment, an entrepreneur can start his own business with a small capital. Nowadays, customers have high tend to consumption product of milk and sugar but they have few choices to choose from so I set-up Pearly Shake try to create the demand for my customers”.

In addition, Analyn Cheng employs three personnel for her business. She pays them ₱ 250.00 per day inclusive of free breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The establishment is open from 10:00 am to 7:00 pm, Monday to Sunday. Ms. Cheng usually travels from Galas Quezon City to Divisoria, once a month to buy powdered shake flavors, straws, plastic cups, sugar, cream, whole milk.

II. OBJECTIVES

• To create a strong product awareness.

• To achieve an increasing number of loyal consumers.

• To maintain a positive, strong growth of the micro-enterprise each year.

III. POINT OF VIEW

This final paper will take the point of view of Pearly Shake’s owner, Analyn Cheng.

IV. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This paper’s approach emphasizes the importance of CVP analysis and how it ties directly into planning and control processes management must take in order to manage a successful business.

This paper seek to answer the question: How can Ms. Cheng fully improve the its pricing system?

V. GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. Using the below information, determine the number of shakes that will need to sell to break even.

DIRECT MATERIAL INGREDIENTS	Small (8 oz. size)	Large (12.oz size)
Condensed Milk (₱ 41. 50 for 300 mL)	20mL or 0.676 fluid ounce	30 mL or 1.017 fluid oz
Sugar (₱500.00 for 15 lb bag = 30 cups)	1/2 cup of sugar	3/4 cup of sugar
Flavorings	.25 per shake	.40 per shake
Specialty Straws	.75 straw	.75 straw
Cups (100 8 oz. cups at a cost of ₱150.00)
Cups (100 12oz. cups at a cost of ₱185.00)
Fixed cost:
Rent : ₱5,000 a month
Cleaning and other miscellaneous supplies	₱2,000 a month
Equipment: Industrial Milk Shake Maker:	₱2,500 per machine X 3 machine = ₱ 7,500
Equipment: Refrigerator : ₱4,500
Licenses and permits: ₱1,050 a year
Owner's salary: ₱180,000 a year
Employees
Three full-time employees: each receiving a daily salary of ₱250.00 Sales Mix: Large 60% , 40% small sized shake

Computation of Variable Cost per Unit :

	Small	Large
Condensed Milk	2.77	4.15
Sugar	8.33	12.50
Flavorings	0.25	0.40
Speciality Straws	0.75	0.75
Cup	1.50	1.85
Direct Material Cost per Shake	13.60	19.65

Contribution Margin per Unit :

Selling Price per Shake	25	30
Variable cost per Shake	13.60	19.65
Contribution Margin per unit	11.40	10.35

Total Fixed Cost per year :

Employee Salary ( 250 x 3 x 365 )	273,750
Owners Salary	180,000
Licenses and Permits	1,050
Rent	60,000
Cleaning and other supplies	24,000
Depreciation ( 7,500 + 4,500)	12,000
Total Fixed Cost per Year	550,800

At break-even point, Total Contribution Margin = Total Fixed Cost

Let the break-even quantity be Q.

Since the sales mix is 60 % large and 40 % small, the equation can be expressed as,

11.40 x 0.4 Q + 10.35 x 0.6 Q = 550,800

or 4.56 Q + 6.21 Q = 550,800

or 10.77 Q = 550,800 or

Q = 51,142 shakes.

Small shakes: 51,142 x 40% = 20,456.8

Large shakes: 51,142 x 60% = 30,685.2

In value terms, break-even point :

Small shakes : 20,456.8 x 25 = 511,420

Large shakes : 30,685.2 x 30 = 920,556

Total break-even sales = ₱ 1,431,976

VI. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND AREAS OF CONSIDERATION:

The researcher will be using SWOT analysis in assessing the business’s status.

SWOT	PEARLY SHAKE
STRENGTHS	Strong existing distribution channel Brand strengths and uniqueness
WEAKNESSES	Unavailability of some flavorings. Lack of segregation of duties with regards to the different functions of the business.
OPPORTUNITIES	Brand is attractive to consumers The location of the business is in a crowdy place.
THREATS	Downward Price Pressure Brand susceptibility

In this study, one known factor which influenced the earning of profit is the level of production (i.e., volume of output). Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis examines the relationship of costs and profit to the volume of business to maximize profits. There may be a change in the level of production due to many reasons, such as competition, introduction of a new product, trade depression or boom, increased demand for the product, scarce resources, change in selling prices of products, etc. In such cases management must study the effect on profit on account of the changing levels of production. A number of techniques can be used as an aid to management in this respect.

One such technique is the cost-volume-profit analysis. The term cost volume profit analysis is interpreted in the narrower as well as broader sense. Used in its narrower sense, it is concerned with finding out the “crisis point”, (i.e., break-even point) i.e., level of activity when the total cost equals total sales value. In other words, it helps in locating the level of output which evenly breaks the costs and revenues. Used in its broader sense, it means that system of analysis which determines profit, cost and sales value at different levels of output. The cost-volume-profit analysis establishes the relationship of cost, volume and profits.

VII. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION

To properly cite the correct costing strategies of the business, Analyn will be addressing a lot of problem of that she is facing. To help her address these issues, the researcher has come with the following alternative courses of actions:

Alternative Courses of Action 1: Analyn can fully improve the cost of Pearly Shake by introducing cost-based pricing where the price includes the cost of ingredients and cost of operating the business.

Cost based pricing is the easiest way to calculate what a product should be priced at. The owner can do it by:

• include a profit percentage with product cost

• add a percentage to an unknown product cost

• blend of total profit and product cost

Alternative Courses of Action 2: Retain the pricing system of Pearly Shake.

Making a profit means structuring the business so that it stands out from the competition and offers customers something they can’t get anywhere else. It also means paying attention to costs as well as income, avoiding unnecessary expenses and getting creative in seeking new revenue streams, by retaining the same pricing system of Pearly Shake.

Alternative Courses of Action 3: