Some people dismiss the validity of scientific theories by saying they are only theories. The law of universal gravitation is a theory. Does this mean that scientists still doubt its validity? Explain.

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mdasfaaruddinshareefLv10

30 Jul 2023

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Muons are unstable subatomic particles that decay to electrons with a mean lifetime of 2.2 μs . They are produced when cosmic rays bombard the upper atmosphere about 11.4 km above the earth's surface, and they travel very close to the speed of light. The problem we want to address is why we see any of them at the earth's surface.

What is the greatest distance a muon could travel during its 2.2 μs lifetime?

According to your answer in part A, it would seem that muons could never make it to the ground. But the 2.2 μs lifetime is measured in the frame of the muon, and muons are moving very fast. At a speed of 0.999 c, what is the mean lifetime of a muon as measured by an observer at rest on the earth?

Express your answer using two significant figures.

How far would the muon travel in this time?

Express your answer using two significant figures.

From the point of view of the muon, it still lives for only 2.2 μs , so how does it make it to the ground? What is the thickness of the 11.4 km of the atmosphere through which the muon must travel, as measured by the muon?

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Most of us know intuitively that in a head-on collision between a large dump truck and a subcompact car, you are better off being in the truck than in the car. Why is this? Many people imagine that the collision force exerted on the car is much greater than that exerted on the truck. To substantiate this view, they point out that the car is crushed, whereas the truck is only dented. This idea of unequal forces, of course, is false; Newton's third law tells us that both objects are acted upon by forces of the same magnitude. The truck suffers less damage because it is made of stronger metal. But what about the two drivers? Do they experience the same forces? To answer this question, suppose that each vehicle is initially moving at 9.00 m/s and that they undergo a perfectly inelastic head-on collision. Each driver has a mass of 80.0 kg. Including the masses of the drivers, the total masses of the vehicles are 800 kg for the car and 4000 kg for the truck. If the collision time is 0.120 s, what force does the seat belt exert on each driver?

limeyak165

Most of us know intuitively that in a head-on collision between a large dump truck and a subcompact car, you are better off being in the truck than in the car. Why is this? Many people imagine that the collision force exerted on the car is much greater than that exerted on the truck. To substantiate this view, they point out that the car is crushed, whereas the truck is only dented. This idea of unequal forces, of course, is false; Newton's third law tells us that both objects are acted upon by forces of the same magnitude. The truck suffers less damage because it is made of stronger metal. But what about the two drivers? Do they experience the same force? To answer this question, suppose that each vehicle is initially moving at and that they undergo a perfectly inelastic head-on collision. Each driver has mass . Including the masses of the drivers, the total masses of the vehicles are for the car and for the truck. If the collision time is , what force does the seat belt exert on each driver?