EOSC 114 Study Guide - Final Guide: Funnel Cloud, Lightning, Fujita Scale
31 Jan 2013
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Document Summary
Anvil sign of thunderstorm at top, like a protrusion; top of troposhphere. Mammatus clouds under anvils of some thunderstorms, but also on non-dangerous clouds useless for identifying. Main updraft main part of the storm, where air is uplifted. Wall cloud cloud that is between main thunderstorm and tornado. Sun warms water warm air updrafted air parcels windblown (advected) air parcel warm air cools in storm, releases latent heat as sensible heat condensation powers downdrafts. Orographic thunderstorm: form over mountains, can cause flash floods. Squall line thunderstorms: long line of heavy rainfall thunderstorms. Air mass thunderstorms: only need heat from hot ground, don"t need to form on fronts. Positive-->less frequent, stronger, formed from anvil (further distance, must be stronger), more likely to cause wild fires. Negative more frequent, not as strong, formed from main cloud (base), Stepped leader is first unseen path of lightning that meets with streamers from tall objects. After, the return stroke (visible part) strikes again, creating thunder.
