BIOL 1111 Lecture Notes - Transferase, Ketone, Hydrogenase
1 Feb 2013
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B-oh-butyrate reduced to acetoacetate (acac) ratio determined by nadh/nad in liver mito. Brain shifts to ketone utilization to spare muscle glucose still used, but not fully oxidized (to save it) Acac synth: hmg-coa cycle: thiolase: 2 x acetylcoa acaccoa + coa (thiolase inhibitor, hmg-coa synthase: acac-coa + acetyl-coa hmg-coa (6c) (4c) (2c) Sh-coa is lost from acetyl coa and inhibits synthase: hmg coa lyase: hmg-coa acac + acetylcoa (used in step 2) B-oxidiation inc. acetyl coa inc. rate (free coa is a competitive inhibitor for thiolase and synthase) Ketone metabolism ketone use depends only on how much is available enzymes that use ketones do not change in activity/expression. Bhbutyrate hydrogenase: bhb acac widely distributed. Succinyl coa:acac coa transferase adds coa to acac for thiolysis. Acac coa, once made in liver, cannot be used there. The diabetic state type i: autoimmune destruction of b-cells type ii: insulin resistance.
