PS200 Lecture Notes - Learned Helplessness, In-Group Favoritism, Black Sheep
10 May 2013
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Two types: norms of internality independent self-concept; individualistic norms (usa, canada, western europe, norms of collectivism interdependent self-concept (asian countries) Cross & madson (1997) and carol gilligan (1988: men justice ethic. Moral reasoning is based on abstract universal rules (do the right thing) Use the same rules in different contexts: women care ethic. Increased care about relationships and one"s effect on others (concern for others) Internalize people/personalities we come in contact with. Certain rituals a child must go through to become an adult. Self-evaluation maintenance model maintain and protect self-esteem through seeing what others are doing (move away from people who out-perform) Social identity (move closer to others who we share an identity with) In-group bias form an identity as a group by simply being together. Black sheep effect when a member of an in-group threatens group identity, they are harassed to change, and if they do not change, they are expelled from the group.
