CAS BI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Enzyme, Simple Living, Chemical Evolution
Document Summary
Oligonucleotides: rna that function as primers to duplicate dna; rna that regulate expression of genes; synthetic dna for amplifying/analyzing nucleotides. Base pairing occurs in both dna and rna. Four bases in dna (and complementary base pairing) (a) adenine (t) thymine (c) cytosine (g) guanine. Dna bonding between ribonucleotides determines 3d shape: adenine can pair with uracil (rna) or with thymine (dna, diversity in 3d structure, hydrogen bonds hold base pairs together; uniform, polynucleotide strands form ladder twists into double helix. Dna carries information and is expressed through rna. Dna base sequence reveals evolutionary relationships: a series of dna molecules stretches through the lineage of every organism to the beginning of evolutionary time, closely related species have similar base sequences. Gtp: energy source (in protein synthesis); transfer info from environment to cells camp: nucleotide w/ additional bond between sugar and phosphate group; transmission of info by nervous system. Nucleotides: carriers in synthesis and breakdown of carbo and lipids.
