BIOL 3300 Study Guide - Synapomorphy, Ingroups And Outgroups, Invertebrate
Document Summary
Definition: the evolutionary relationships among organisms; the patterns of lineage branching produced by the true evolutionary history of the organisms being considered. Nodes most recent common ancestor; when speciation occurs; new species are being created. Each phylogeny is based on the characters and the number of taxa used. Each will be different due to the data that is used. Species existed along branches, not just at the tips. Derived trait is found in some of the lineages of taxa, but not in others. Something on the left is not more simple than something on the right. Order has nothing to do with how simple or complex organisms are. There is more than one way to draw a tree. The two trees are the same the node was just turned. Go down the branches to see where they show common ancestors. Networks are more common in many individuals of different populations: essentially b gave rise to both a and c.