ANP 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Hemoglobin Variants, Transposable Element, Sickle-Cell Disease
Document Summary
Occur at different levels- genes, chromosomes radiation) phenotypic. Effects of mutation may be advantageous, deleterious, or neutral. Synonymous mutation: creates a triplet that codes for the same amino acid as that of the original triplet, e. g. ucu &uuc both code for seline. Non-synonymous mutation: creates a triplet that codes for a different. *a random change in a gene or chromosome. *most mutations occur spontaneously but mutations can be induced (e. g. *most mutations are silent (synonymous), but some mutations produce effects (non-synonymous) *point mutations: replacements of a single nitrogen base with another base acid, e. g. chromosome 11, ctc=glutamate- normal hemoglobin, sickle cell trait. *frameshift mutations: the change in a gene due to the insertion or deletion of one or more nitrogen bases. *transposable elements: mobile pieces of dna that can copy themselves into entirely new areas of the chromosomes. *non-disjunctions: can contribute to irregular number of chromosomes in a cell.
