BIOL 3020 Lecture Notes - Motivation, Overjustification Effect, Reinforcement
1 Aug 2012
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Document Summary
James olds and milner- 1954, discovered pleasure centre in brain of rats through electrical stimulation lever. Motivation: a general term for a group of phenomena that affect the nature, strength, or persistence of an individual behaviour. Common definition: driving force that moves us to a particular action: stimuli that have become associated with pleasant or unpleasant events motivate approach/avoidance behaviours, deprivation of a reinforcer increases organism"s preference for a particular behaviour. There are physiological, behavioural, cognitive and social approaches to motivation. People have motivation to gain a reinforcer or avoid a punisher. Regulatory behaviours: tends to bring physiological conditions back to normal, thus restoring the condition of homeostasis. Homeostasis: process which physiological characteristic (body temperature, blood pressure) are regulated so that they remain at their optimum level. Negative feedback: a process whereby the effect produced by an action serves to diminish or terminate that action. Regulatory systems are characterized by negative feedback loop.
