You are given an integer N, followed by N lines of input (1 <= N <= 100). Each line of input contains one or several words separated with single spaces. Each word is a sequence of letters of English alphabet containing between 1 and 10 characters, inclusive. The total number of words in the input is between 1 and 100, inclusive.

Your task is to reverse the order of words in each line of input, while preserving the words themselves. The lines of your output should not have any trailing or leading spaces.

Example

input
3
Hello World
Bye World
Useless World

output
World Hello
World Bye
World Useless

 

Question 7. [11 MARKS] This question has you write the bodies of two functions. Complete each function according to its docstring. Part (a) [6 MARKS] Note: you will most likely not need all of the space on this page. def count_letter_case (L): "" (list of list of str) -> list of tuple of int Precondition: each str in L is non-empty and contains only alphabetic characters Count the number of words in each sublist of L that start with lowercase and uppercase letters. Return a new list where each element is a two-item tuple in which the first item is the number of words in the list at the corresponding index of L that start with a lowercase letter and the second item is the number of words in the list at the corresponding index of L that start with an uppercase letter. >>> count_letter_case([['apple', 'Banana'], ['PEAR'], [], ['PEACH', 'apRICot', 'plum']]) [(1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0), (2, 1)]

1.Write a function encipher(s, n) that takes as inputs an arbitrary string s and a non-negative integer n between 0 and 25, and that returns a new string in which the letters in s have been "rotated" by n characters forward in the alphabet, wrapping around as needed. For example:

>>> encipher('hello', 1) result: 'ifmmp'

>>> encipher('hello', 2) result: 'jgnnq'

>>> encipher('hello', 4) result: 'lipps'

Upper-case letters should be "rotated" to upper-case letters, even if you need to wrap around. For example:

>>> encipher('XYZ', 3)

result: 'ABC'

Lower-case letters should be "rotated" to lower-case letters:

>>> encipher('xyz', 3)

result: 'abc'

Non-alphabetic characters should be left unchanged:

>>> encipher('#caesar!', 2)

result: '#ecguct!'

Hints/reminders:

You can use the built-in functions ord and chr convert from single-character strings to integers and back:

>>> ord('a')

result: 97

>>> chr(97)

result: 'a'

You can use the following test to determine if a character is between 'a' and 'z' in the alphabet:

if 'a' <= c <= 'z':

A similar test will work for upper-case letters.

We recommend writing a helper function rot(c, n) that rotates a single character c forward by n spots in the alphabet. We have given you a template for this helper function in ps3pr3.py that checks to ensure that c is a single-character string. We wrote rot13(c) in lecture; rot(c, n) will be very close to rot13(c)! You can test your rot(c, n) as follows:

>>> rot('a', 1)

result: 'b'

>>> rot('y', 2)

result: 'a'

>>> rot('A', 3)

result: 'D'

>>> rot('Y', 3)

result: 'B'

>>> rot('!', 4)

result: '!'

Once you have rot(c, n), you can write a recursive encipher function.

Once you think you have everything working, here are three more examples to try:

>>> encipher('xyza', 1)

result: 'yzab'

>>> encipher('Z A', 2)

result: 'B C'

>>> encipher('Caesar cipher? I prefer Caesar salad.', 25)

result: 'Bzdrzq bhogdq? H oqdedq Bzdrzq rzkzc.'

2.Write a function decipher(s) that takes as input an arbitrary string s that has already been enciphered by having its characters "rotated" by some amount (possibly 0). decipher should return, to the best of its ability, the original English string, which will be some rotation (possibly 0) of the input string s. For example:

>>> decipher('Bzdrzq bhogdq? H oqdedq Bzdrzq rzkzc.')

result: 'Caesar cipher? I prefer Caesar salad.'

Here are two more examples:

>>> decipher('Hu lkbjhapvu pz doha ylthpuz hmaly dl mvynla lclyfaopun dl ohcl slhyulk.')

result: 'An education is what remains after we forget everything we have learned.'

>>> decipher('python')

result: 'eniwdc'

------------------------------------

def rot(c, n):
    """ your docstring goes here """
    # check to ensure that c is a single character
    assert(type(c) == str and len(c) == 1)

def letter_prob(c):
    """ if c is the space character (' ') or an alphabetic character,
        returns c's monogram probability (for English);
        returns 1.0 for any other character.
        adapted from:
       
    """
    # check to ensure that c is a single character   
    assert(type(c) == str and len(c) == 1)

    if c == ' ': return 0.1904
    if c == 'e' or c == 'E': return 0.1017
    if c == 't' or c == 'T': return 0.0737
    if c == 'a' or c == 'A': return 0.0661
    if c == 'o' or c == 'O': return 0.0610
    if c == 'i' or c == 'I': return 0.0562
    if c == 'n' or c == 'N': return 0.0557
    if c == 'h' or c == 'H': return 0.0542
    if c == 's' or c == 'S': return 0.0508
    if c == 'r' or c == 'R': return 0.0458
    if c == 'd' or c == 'D': return 0.0369
    if c == 'l' or c == 'L': return 0.0325
    if c == 'u' or c == 'U': return 0.0228
    if c == 'm' or c == 'M': return 0.0205
    if c == 'c' or c == 'C': return 0.0192
    if c == 'w' or c == 'W': return 0.0190
    if c == 'f' or c == 'F': return 0.0175
    if c == 'y' or c == 'Y': return 0.0165
    if c == 'g' or c == 'G': return 0.0161
    if c == 'p' or c == 'P': return 0.0131
    if c == 'b' or c == 'B': return 0.0115
    if c == 'v' or c == 'V': return 0.0088
    if c == 'k' or c == 'K': return 0.0066
    if c == 'x' or c == 'X': return 0.0014
    if c == 'j' or c == 'J': return 0.0008
    if c == 'q' or c == 'Q': return 0.0008
    if c == 'z' or c == 'Z': return 0.0005
    return 1.0

Part (b) [3 MARKS] Complete the function body according to its docstring description. You will be marked only on the parts that need to be different from (a). def count_letter_case_mutate (L): " (list of list of str) -> None Type Precondition: each str in L is non-empty and contains only alphabetic characters Replace each item in L with a two-item tuple in which the first item is the number of words in the list at the corresponding index of L that start with a lowercase letter and the second item is the number of words in the list at the corresponding index of L that start with an uppercase letter >>> data = [['apple', 'Banana'], ['PeAr'], [], ['PEACH', 'aprICot', 'plum']] >>> count_letter_case_mutate (data) >>> data [(1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0), (2, 1)]