INTR2010 Study Guide - Final Guide: Indochina Refugee Crisis, 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake And Tsunami, 1997 Asian Financial Crisis
18 Jun 2018
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(WK 8)
HUMAN SECURITY IN ASIA
Human security
What is human security?
-Threats to individual, not state
-UNDP’s 1994 Human Development Report
Not “national security” People-centered, universal, multivocal, multidimensional
and interdependent
Canadian and Japanese types
Asia-Pacific human security
Asia’s “new” securities comprehensive, cooperative and non-traditional
Asian values? Sovereignty and human rights, development vs. political rights
Key events Asian financial crisis, SARS and Indian Ocean tsunami
Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
Basic premise responsibility of sovereignty
UN’s 3 pillars (2005)
-State responsibility to protect from mass crimes
-Intl. responsibility:
(1) to avoid failed states
(2) to step in
Criticism:
-Imperialism
-Militarization
-Intervention threshold
R2P in the Asia Pacific
Historical episodes
-Indonesia’s anti-communist purges
-East Timor’s independence
-Sri Lanka’s civil war
CSCAP study group (2011)
-ARF Risk Reduction Centre
-Asian ambivalence
-Asia’s “intervention” dilemma
The North Korea dilemma
North Korea totalitarian state with nuclear weapons
Crimes against humanity:
-Concentration camps
-Torture and violence
-Persecution
-UN HRC report (2014): ibid., in incredible detail with testimony
-R2P dilemma condemnation, refer to ICC? Impose sanctions? Take action?
Human security and refugees
Major conventions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-Refugee Convention (1951) and 1967 protocol: defines refugees
-Stateless Conventions (1954 and 1961): dealing with the stateless
Non-refoulement
-Not returning refugees to places where persecution is likely
UNHCR Global coordination role (1950)
Asia’s refugee policies
Refugee Convention
-Reluctance to sign because…economic development over human rights issues,
sovereignty and non-interference principles, and national over human security
CPA (1989)
-Indochinese refugees
-Transit nations hosting subsequent resettlement
Refugee crises in Asia
Indochina refugee crisis
-1975-95 3M, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia
-Geneva (1979) and CPA (1989): transition destination; comprehensive
partial
Myanmar refugee crisis
-Ethnic minorities, internally and externally displaced (3 million)
-Rohingya Muslim minority, post-2012 violence, 2015 crisis
The Bali process
Overview
-Established 2002 and aimed at regional cooperation framework
-Indonesia and Australia
Framework Asylum rights, non-refoulement, practical but non-binding
Declaration (2016) Rohingya response, few concrete measures
ASIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
ASIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
Environmental security
Environment and security
-Since the 1980s, the environment and environmental change have been
considered human security issues that affect both the physical security of citizens
and the national security of nation-states
-Ecological security
-National or human security perspectives
There is an argument that getting richer ignored the environmental externality costs
of getting richer – this laid the foundation for subsequent divisions between
developed world responsibility for climate change and the developing world’s right to
develop
State perspectives managing environmental threats to society
Develop-enviro trade-off
Climate change and security
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Not national security people-centered, universal, multivocal, multidimensional and interdependent. Asia"s new securities comprehensive, cooperative and non-traditional. Sovereignty and human rights, development vs. political rights. Key events asian financial crisis, sars and indian ocean tsunami. Intl. responsibility: (1) to avoid failed states (2) to step in. North korea totalitarian state with nuclear weapons. Un hrc report (2014): ibid. , in incredible detail with testimony. Refugee convention (1951) and 1967 protocol: defines refugees. Stateless conventions (1954 and 1961): dealing with the stateless. Not returning refugees to places where persecution is likely. Reluctance to sign because economic development over human rights issues, sovereignty and non-interference principles, and national over human security. Geneva (1979) and cpa (1989): transition destination; comprehensive . 1975-95 3m, vietnam, laos and cambodia partial. Ethnic minorities, internally and externally displaced (3 million) Rohingya muslim minority, post-2012 violence, 2015 crisis. Established 2002 and aimed at regional cooperation framework. Framework asylum rights, non-refoulement, practical but non-binding. Declaration (2016) rohingya response, few concrete measures.
