MAT1236 Study Guide - Final Guide: Euclidean Geometry, Scientific Notation, Parallelogram
14 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Conservation:!!
When!we!convert!one!unit!to!another,!the!quantity!being!measured!does!not!change,!this!is!the!
principle!of!conservation.!!
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Scientific/Notation:/!
Numbers!can!be!made!larger!or!smaller!by!multiplying!or!dividing!by!powers!of!10,!scientific!notation!
is!used!to!write!large!and!small!numbers!in!a!way!that!is!easy!to!handle.!To!make!a!number!1000!
times!larger,!we!multiply!by!10!and!10!and!10!again!(it!will!be!written!as!103).!Data:!measured!in!
bytes!(kb=1000!(103),!Mb=1000kb!(106),!Gb=1000Mb!(109),!Tb=1000Gb!(1012).!!
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Plane/Geometry/(2D)://
Polygons:!simple!closed!figures!with!three!or!more!straight!sides!(named!based!on!the!number!of!
sides!they!have-does!not!includes!circles,!ovals,!complex!figures,!open!curves)!Polygons!are!regular!if!
all!side!lengths!and!angles!are!equal,!they!are!irregular!if!not!all!side!lengths!or!angles!are!equal.!
Perimeter:!the!distance!around!the!outside!of!a!shape.!Triangles:!either!classified!by!their!side!or!
angle!properties:!equilateral!(3!sides!equal)!isosceles!(2!sides!equal)!scalene!(no!sides!equal)!acute!
(all!angles!acute)!right!angled!(one!90º!angle)!obtuse!(one!angle!>90º)!Convex:!polygons!are!convex!if!
all!internal!angles!are!less!than!180º,!Concave:!polygons!are!concave!if!one!or!more!internal!angles!
are!reflex!angles.!Area:!students!learn!about!area!by!counting!the!number!of!square!units!inside!a!
shape,!later!students!learn!the!formula!(length!x!width)!parallelogram!(base!x!height)!triangle!
(1/2base!x!height)!trapezoid!(1/2(a+b)!x!height)!Circles:!the!circumference!is!the!distance!around!the!
outside!of!a!circle!(c=pi!x!d!or!c!=!2!x!pi!x!r)!the!diameter!is!the!distance!through!the!centre!across!the!
widest!part!of!the!circle,!and!the!radius!is!the!distance!between!the!centre!and!a!point!on!the!
circumference.!Area!of!a!circle!(pi!x!r2)!Transformations:!Reflection!=!flip,!Translation!=!slide,!and!
rotation!=!turn!are!3!types!of!transformations!that!change!the!position!or!orientation!of!the!original!
shape,!while!dilations!change!the!size.!Dilations:!may!either!be!enlargements!are!reductions.!From!
the!centre&of&enlargement!all!distances!are!multiplied!by!the!same!scale&factor.!Using!a!scale!factor!of!
2!doubles!the!distances,!while!a!scale!factor!of!less!than!1!reduces!the!distances.!Congruence:!two!
shapes!are!congruent!if!they!are!both!the!same!shape!and!size!(identical)!Similarity:!two!shapes!are!
similar!if!they!are!the!same!shape,!but!different!sizes.!Net:!2D!pattern!that!can!be!cut!and!folded!to!
make!a!model!of!a!3D!object.!Polyhedra:!are!3D!solids!whose!faces!are!polygons.!Prisms:!consist!of!
two!parallel!polygon!faces!joined!by!rectangles!to!make!a!3D!object.!Prisms!are!named!after!the!
shape!of!the!polygon!on!which!it!is!based.!Pyramid:!has!a!polygonal!based!and!triangular!faces!which!
taper!to!a!point!(apex).!Volume!of!a!prism!(area!of!base!x!height).!Volume!of!pyramid!(1/3!x!volume!
of!prism,!or!1/3!x!area!of!base!x!height)!Volume!of!cylinder!(area!of!base!x!height!or!pi!x!r!x!height)!
Volume!of!cone!(1/3!x!pi!x!r2!x!height)!/
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Document Summary
When we convert one unit to another, the quantity being measured does not change, this is the principle of conservation. Numbers can be made larger or smaller by multiplying or dividing by powers of 10, scientific notation is used to write large and small numbers in a way that is easy to handle. To make a number 1000 times larger, we multiply by 10 and 10 and 10 again (it will be written as 103). Data: measured in bytes (kb=1000 (103), mb=1000kb (106), gb=1000mb (109), tb=1000gb (1012). Perimeter: the distance around the outside of a shape. Area of a circle (pi x r2) transformations: reflection = flip, translation = slide, and rotation = turn are 3 types of transformations that change the position or orientation of the original shape, while dilations change the size. From the centre of enlargement all distances are multiplied by the same scale factor.
