BIO1022 Study Guide - Final Guide: Globular Protein, Microfilament, Cell Membrane
Document Summary
Microtubules are responsible for the beating of the flagella and cilia. Sperm of animals, algae, and some plants have flagella. Unicellular eukaryotes are moved through the water by cilia or flagella that act as a locomotor characteristic. When cilia or flagella extend from cells that are held in place as part of a tissue layer, they can move fluid over the surface of the tissue. Motile cilia occur in large numbers on the cell surface. There are only one or a few flagellas per cell. Nonmotile cilias act as a signal receiving antenna for the cell. Membrane proteins on nonmotile cilias transmit molecular signals from the cell"s environment to its interior, triggering signalling pathways that lead to changes in the cell"s activities. A flagellum has a snakelike motion driving a cell in the same direction as the axis of the flagellum. Dyneins large motor proteins that are made up of several polypeptides.
