400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Tachycardia, Blood Test, Cardiogenic Shock
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Define pneumonias and explain their causes, types, clinical features and diagnostic
approach.
Causes:
Most commonly caused by infectious agents and less commonly non-
infectious agents.
Frequently associated with URTI’s.
More common in immunocompromised individuals, elderly, diabetics,
HIV, smokers.
Types:
Bronchopneumonia:
oMultiple foci of consolidated lung tissue > usually in basal lobes
can be unilateral or bilateral (spots of pneumonia can be in more
than one lung).
Lobar pneumonia:
oInvolvement of an entire lobe or a large part of it on one side.
Clinical features:
Fever, shaking, chills, anorexia, nausea, headache, aching pains in body/
limbs.
Productive cough with purulent sputum, dark red rusty colour (atypical
pneumonia does not usually have productive purulent cought).
Tachypnoea, dyspnea, sometimes cyanosis.
Shard or stabbing pleuritic chest pain during deep breathing.
2. Explain pathology, clinical features and diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Pathology:
Primary TB:
oConsolidation and necrosis in 1-3 cm diameter known as ghon
focus.
oIn time involvement of regional lymph nodes which may also
undergo necrosis (hilus area).
oCombination of initial lung lesion and lymph node involvement =
ghon complex.
Secondary TB:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Short answer questions for pathophysiology 1 (short answer questions for final exam will be taken from this list: define pneumonias and explain their causes, types, clinical features and diagnostic approach. Most commonly caused by infectious agents and less commonly non- infectious agents. More common in immunocompromised individuals, elderly, diabetics, Bronchopneumonia: multiple foci of consolidated lung tissue > usually in basal lobes can be unilateral or bilateral (spots of pneumonia can be in more than one lung). Lobar pneumonia: involvement of an entire lobe or a large part of it on one side. Fever, shaking, chills, anorexia, nausea, headache, aching pains in body/ limbs. Productive cough with purulent sputum, dark red rusty colour (atypical pneumonia does not usually have productive purulent cought). Shard or stabbing pleuritic chest pain during deep breathing: explain pathology, clinical features and diagnosis of tuberculosis. Secondary tb: causes a variable degree of necrosis after expectoration of necrotic material.
