400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Hypertonia, Sexual Dysfunction, Plantar Reflex
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Discuss causes, mechanisms, symptomatology and complications of increased
intracranial pressure.
Causes:
Traumatic brain injury.
Aneurysm.
Tumor.
Encephalitis.
Increased BP.
Meningitis.
Stroke.
Mechanisms:
Develops due to increased amount of blood or brain tissue expansion
from oedema.
Decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure is not enough blood getting to
the brain and causes cerebral ischemia
Symptomatology:
Headache, vomiting often without nausea, confusion drowsiness or coma,
pupil fails to constrict in response to light, neck stiffness.
Increased BP, bradycardia, and abnormal respiratory pattern.
30 secs of tachypnoea (fast breathing) followed by bradycardia (slow
heart rate).
Complications:
Can cause cerebral ischemia.
Can result in midline shift and increased ICP if the lesion is unilateral.
Can lead to brain herniation.
2. Discuss possible manifestations of spinal cord injuries.
Segmental lesion:
Impaired or lost sensation of dermatomal tracts.
Myotomal distribution (LMNL signs).
Vertical tract lesion:
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Document Summary
Short answer questions for pathophysiology 1 (short answer questions for final exam will be taken from this list: discuss causes, mechanisms, symptomatology and complications of increased intracranial pressure. Develops due to increased amount of blood or brain tissue expansion from oedema. Decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure is not enough blood getting to the brain and causes cerebral ischemia. Headache, vomiting often without nausea, confusion drowsiness or coma, pupil fails to constrict in response to light, neck stiffness. Increased bp, bradycardia, and abnormal respiratory pattern. 30 secs of tachypnoea (fast breathing) followed by bradycardia (slow heart rate). Can result in midline shift and increased icp if the lesion is unilateral. Can lead to brain herniation: discuss possible manifestations of spinal cord injuries. Impaired or lost sensation of dermatomal tracts. Loss of sensory and/ or motor functions (umnl signs) below the level of the lesion. Hypotonia (flaccidity) and paresis (partial loss of voluntary muscle contraction)/ paralysis (complete loss).
