400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Metatarsophalangeal Joints, Hyperuricemia, Menopause
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Discuss pathology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.
Pathology:
Chronic inflammatory arthritis mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and
spine. (usually starts in SA joints).
Inflammatory enthesopathy and new bone formation > bony spurs inside
ligament/ tendon.
Usually vertebral bodies and IVD.
In time > bony ankylosis of the spine.
Clinical manifestations:
Low back pain and sacroiliac stiffness (worse in the morning and at night
and improves with activity).
Restriction of movement and normal lumbar curve becoming flattened.
Lumbar curve flattening and kyphosis.
Chest pain aggravated by breathing and diminished chest expansion.
Weight loss, low grade fever and fatigue.
Diagnosis:
One or more of the following:
o3 months of low back pain alleviated by exercise, not rest.
oRestricted lumbar spinal motion.
oDecreased chest expansion.
X-ray, CT or MRI of the sacroiliac joints may show bony hardening,
erosions, spurs or ankylosis.
2. Define osteoporosis and discuss its epidemiology, pathology and clinical features.
Epidemiology:
Over 1 million Australians have it.
1:3 women and 1:12 men over the age of 50 have OP (80% of women in
nursing homes).
Pathology:
Thinner and fewer trabeculae in spongy bone and thinning of compact
bone layer.
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Document Summary
Short answer questions for pathophysiology 1 (short answer questions for final exam will be taken from this list: discuss pathology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. Chronic inflammatory arthritis mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. (usually starts in sa joints). Inflammatory enthesopathy and new bone formation > bony spurs inside ligament/ tendon. In time > bony ankylosis of the spine. Low back pain and sacroiliac stiffness (worse in the morning and at night and improves with activity). Restriction of movement and normal lumbar curve becoming flattened. Chest pain aggravated by breathing and diminished chest expansion. Weight loss, low grade fever and fatigue. One or more of the following: 3 months of low back pain alleviated by exercise, not rest, restricted lumbar spinal motion, decreased chest expansion. X-ray, ct or mri of the sacroiliac joints may show bony hardening, erosions, spurs or ankylosis: define osteoporosis and discuss its epidemiology, pathology and clinical features.
