HMM103- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 42 pages long!)

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indigohyena527

11 Oct 2017

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Document Summary

From when it is created to when it gives rise to 2 daughter cells. There are 4 phases: g1 (gap 1), s (synthesis), g2 (gap 2) and m (mitosis). Interphase is the entirety of cell cycle outside m. Already duplicated chromosomes (2 sister chromatids) are held together by a centromere. Metaphase: the nuclear membrane disappears and chromosomes become distinct. Mitotic spindles reach to the centrioles at the ends of the cell. Anaphase: 2 sister chromatids separate at the centromere and pulled to opposite poles by the spindles. Telophase: the spindle disappears as the chromosomes decondense and return to chromatin. Cytokinesis: constriction separates cytoplasm until there are 2 independent daughter cells. Asynchronous: does not synchronise and are all at different cycles. Microtubule antagonist (eg. colcemid): cells will go into metaphase but cannot assemble spindle fibres and therefore will remain at metaphase, synchronising the cells. E. g. (cells in mitosis/all cells) x 24 hours = length of cell cycle. (4n-2n)

Related Questions

Which of the following is correctly matched?

		Prophase I - Nuclear envelope reforms,nucleolus reappears, spindle apparatus disappears
		Metaphase II - Homologous chromosomes align atthe equator (center) of the cell forming tetrads
		Anaphase II - Sister chromatids are pulled toopposite poles of the cell by contraction of spindle apparatusmicrotubules
		Cytokinesis - Division of the nucleus
		Telophase I - Nuclear envelope fragments,nucleolus disappears, spindle apparatus forms

ivoryspider500

Lab 11 Mitosis

Interphase - Chromosomes are not visible because they areuncoiled

Prophase- The chromosomes coil. The nuclear membranedisintegrates. Spindle fibers (microtubles) form. The drawing showsa cell with 8 chromosomes. Each chromosome has 2 chromatids for atotal of 16 chromatids.

Prometaphase

Metaphase - The chromosomes become aligned. The drawing shows acell with 8 chromosomes. Each chromosome has 2 chromatids for atotal of 16 chromatids.

Anaphase- The chromatids separate; the number of chromosomesdoubles. The drawing shows a cell with 16 chromosomes. Eachchromosome has 1 chromatid for a total of 16chromatids

Telophase- The cell divides into two. The chromosomes uncoil.The nucleus reforms. The spindle apparataus disassembles. Thedrawing shows a cell with 16 chromosomes. Each chromosome has 1chromatid for a total of 16 chromatids.

Ques(ons

1. What stage were most of the onion root p cells in? Does thismake sense?

2. As a cell grows, what happens to its surface area : volumerao? (Think of a balloon being blown up). How is this changing raonrelated to cell division?

3. What is the function of mitosis in a cell that is about todivide?

4. How accurate were your met predictions for each stage of thecell cycle?

5. Discuss one observation that you found interesting whilelooking at the onion root p cells.

6. What would happen if mitosis were uncontrolled?

for escience lab 11 bio 113

burgundyspider301