1016MSC Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Homeostasis, Hypocalcaemia, Epicondyle
27 Jun 2018
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Review Questions and Concept Checks!
Nature of skeletal system!
Topic 1.1!
Topic 1.1
The nature of the skeletal system and how bones grow
Answers to these questions can be found in the text pages 193-218!
1. Diļ¬erentiate between the terms epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line.#!
$Epiphyseal plate: in epiphysis of bone, has 5 zones starting at end of bone (resting,
proliferating, hypertrophic, calciļ¬cation, ossiļ¬cation), chondrocytes are organised to allow
quick, eļ¬cient growth in length)!
$Epiphyseal line: remnant of epiphyseal plate, a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows
during childhood to lengthen bone!
2. Outline the diļ¬erence between primary and secondary ossiļ¬cation of long bones.#!
$Primary ossiļ¬cation: within diaphysis of lone bone, occurs in utero, eventually
forms medullary cavity!
$Secondary ossiļ¬cation: in epiphysis, forms around birth, sponges bone created
here, in endochondral ossiļ¬cation !
3. Intramembranous ossiļ¬cation occurs where and when?#!
$Occurs within the membrane of skull, sternum and clavicles, occurs in utero !
4. Endochondral ossiļ¬cation occurs typically in long bones T/F? #!
$True!
5. Outline the diļ¬erences between osteoblasts and osteoclasts? Within bone tissue,
where do you ļ¬nd them?#!
$Osteoblasts: build/form bone secrete osteoid that mineralises to form bone, found
in inner osteogenic layer !
$Osteoclasts: bone destroying cells with small āfeetā that claw at bone and destroy
it, found in osteogenic layer!
6. Review Osteoporosis and outline the physiological basis of current preventative
measures.!
$Stay active in youth, build up bone density and increase bone matrix so that when
osteoblasts start to decrease, there is more bone for the osteoclasts to break through,
meaning osteoporosis wonāt start as early !
7. Compare Osteomalacia and Rickets.#Why does Rickets cause greater deformities of
the skeleton?#!
$āsoft bonesā. Inadequate mineralisation of bones because the osteoid is produced
but calcium salts are not deposited so bones often weaken. !
$Osteomalacia is in adults, rickets is in children. If rickets occurs, the ones are still
developing, growing and remodelling. Because the growing bones cannot be calciļ¬ed at
the epiphyseal plate, they continue to widen and the ends long bones become visibly
enlarged an abnormally long. !
8. What is appositional growth?#!
$āgrowth from outsideā cartilage-forming cells in surrounding bone secrete new
matrix against external face of existing cartilage tissue (opposite to interstitial growth)!
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Document Summary
The nature of the skeletal system and how bones grow. Answers to these questions can be found in the text pages 193-218: di erentiate between the terms epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line. Epiphyseal plate: in epiphysis of bone, has 5 zones starting at end of bone (resting, proliferating, hypertrophic, calci cation, ossi cation), chondrocytes are organised to allow quick, e cient growth in length) during childhood to lengthen bone. Epiphyseal line: remnant of epiphyseal plate, a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows: outline the di erence between primary and secondary ossi cation of long bones. Primary ossi cation: within diaphysis of lone bone, occurs in utero, eventually forms medullary cavity here, in endochondral ossi cation. Within bone tissue, where do you nd them? in inner osteogenic layer it, found in osteogenic layer. Stay active in youth, build up bone density and increase bone matrix so that when. Inadequate mineralisation of bones because the osteoid is produced: compare osteomalacia and rickets.
