TOUR1001 Study Guide - Final Guide: Culture Shock, Erectile Dysfunction, Travel Insurance
• Cultural distance: is a concept that represents the distance or gap
between one culture and another.
▪ E.g. norms, values.
▪ It examines the similarities and dissimilarities that exist between
different cultural groups
▪ Usually measured by physical proximity.
▪ Jackson (2001) generated a cultural diversity index by summing
the absolute ranked differences in Hofstede’s (1980) study.
▪ Included 4 of the dimensions- Power
distance/Individualism/Masculinity/Uncertainty Avoidance
▪ In Jackson’s study, Australia was used as a focal country.
According to his cultural diversity index, the USA, New Zealand and Canada
were the most similar cultural groups to Australia.
▪ On the other hand, Peru, Chile and EI Salvador were the groups with
the highest (least similar) scores on the index.
• Familiarity is a concept that is frequently employed by tourism managers
when considering cultural distance and its influence on potential tourism.
• Familiarity is the number of product-related experiences or the amount of
product-related information that a tourist has or will experience.
• Culture shock- refers to the anxiety foreign travels feel while trying to
operate in a foreign culture.
• This emotional disturbance has been recognised as one of the major
difficulties encountered by individuals entering a new culture.
• Culture shock can be broken into dimensions
1. The strain of adapting to the new culture due to the effort required to
make the necessary adaptations;
2. A sense of loss and feelings of deprivation;
3. The feeling of being rejected by and/or rejecting the members of the new
culture;
4. Confusion regarding one’s role, expectations, values, feelings and
self-identity;
5. Realisation of the differences between the new and home culture; and;
6. Feelings of impotence in a new culture due to not being able to cope with
the new environment.
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