PSYC234 Study Guide - Final Guide: Accessory Nerve, Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Retina
Nervous System Anatomy
The central nervous system has two main parts: the brain and the spinal cord.!
The Brain In Relation To The Nervous System!
There are three main parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.!
The hindbrain has the medulla and the cerebellum.!
-The medulla is above the spinal cord controls your breathing + heart rate. Damage to
this is often fatal!
-The cerebellum coordinates movement (fine motor skills), timing, has the auditory to
visual attention switch and is affected by alcohol.!
The midbrain has the tectum and tegmentum.!
-The tectum has both the superior colliculus (visual) and the inferior colliculus (auditory)!
-The tegmentum facilitates readiness for movement!
The forebrain, made of two cerebral hemispheres, has the thalamus, hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, basal ganglia, basal forebrain and hippocampus.!
-The thalamus relays sensory information (except for smell)!
-The hypothalamus affects pituitary glands release of hormones!
-The pituitary gland produces hormones!
-The basal ganglia is involved in voluntary movement!
-The basal forebrain is involved in arousal and the sleep-wake cycle!
-The hippocampus is critical for memory!
The Spinal Cord In Relation To The Nervous System!
The spinal cord communicates with all sense organs and muscles (apart from the head)
and has a segmented structure. !
The Peripheral Nerves System (PNS)!
The PNS has two parts: somatic and autonomic. While somatic has no subsections
autonomic has two which are sympathetic and parasympathetic. It connects the brain
and spinal cord to the rest of the body.!
-The somatic nervous system carries information from the central nervous system to
muscles as well as sending sensory information to the central nervous system. It is also
known as the voluntary nervous system.!
-The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs (without conscious awareness)
and is known as the involuntary nervous system.!
Document Summary
The central nervous system has two main parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain in relation to the nervous system. There are three main parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The hindbrain has the medulla and the cerebellum. The medulla is above the spinal cord controls your breathing + heart rate. The cerebellum coordinates movement ( ne motor skills), timing, has the auditory to visual attention switch and is a ected by alcohol. The tectum has both the superior colliculus (visual) and the inferior colliculus (auditory) The forebrain, made of two cerebral hemispheres, has the thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, basal ganglia, basal forebrain and hippocampus. The thalamus relays sensory information (except for smell) The hypothalamus a ects pituitary glands release of hormones. The basal ganglia is involved in voluntary movement. The basal forebrain is involved in arousal and the sleep-wake cycle. The spinal cord in relation to the nervous system.
