BIOL1008 Study Guide - Final Guide: Point Mutation, Spirometry, Beta Cell
6 Jun 2018
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MEDS1001 Human Biology Notes
Semester 1, 2018
MODULE 1: FUEL FOR LIFE
LECTURE 2: IS NUTRITION A UNIQUE DETERMINANT OF HEALTH?
Learning Outcomes:
- Define nutrition science – a multidisciplinary science
- Udestad utitio as a ogais-environment (diet) interaction
- Describe the relationship between nutritional state and health consequences and
outcomes
- Appreciate the global consequences of changes in quantity and quality of food
supply
Nutrition science
= A multidisciplinary science, seeks to integrate information about the food we eat and how
it is processed in the body
• Human nutrition describes the processes whereby cells obtain and utilise necessary
substances to maintain life
• Exploring the processes requires a multidisciplinary approach and ranges from a
molecular to a societal level
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Nutrition science:
- Food production
- Diet composition (ketogenic is very popular: no carbohydrates)
- Appetite (morbidly obese people often have a gene defect that takes away the feeling
of being full), food intake, food preferences
- Nutrient digestion and absorption
- Intermediary metabolism of nutrients
- Biological actions of nutrients
- Nutrient deficiencies in individuals and populations
- Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, effects on health
- Chronic effects of diet constituents
- Therapeutic and preventive effects of foods (foods as medicine)
Sources of knowledge about nutrition (some examples)
• Animals
- Feeding domestic (farm animals)
- Controlled experiments (mostly) in rodents
- Farmers are interested in nutrition to produce better meat
• Humans
- Natural experiments (famine and war). Proved that children who suffered famine
in utero have higher risks of chronic disease.
- Controlled experiments (clinical trials); not as easy as drugs
- Hunter-gatherers; show how our genes/bodies change with diet (and region)
- Epidemiology
- Case studies, e.g. individuals with rare disease Celia, …
- Patients reliant on intra-venous feeding
Relationship between nutrition and health
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Undernutrition is especially important in children as they often
cannot catch up.
Overnutrition used to be a rich world problem, but is becoming more
popular in under-developed countries.
Malnutrition comprises undernutrition and overnutrition.
CVD = Cardio Vascular Disease
NCD = Non-Communicable Disease
Body composition
Fat makes up plasma membrane, storage of energy.
Only a small amount is in the form of carbohydrates.
We need to get minerals from food.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Define nutrition science a multidisciplinary science. U(cid:374)de(cid:396)sta(cid:374)d (cid:862)(cid:374)ut(cid:396)itio(cid:374)(cid:863) as a(cid:374) o(cid:396)ga(cid:374)is(cid:373)-environment (diet) interaction. Describe the relationship between nutritional state and health consequences and outcomes. Appreciate the global consequences of changes in quantity and quality of food supply. Diet composition (ketogenic is very popular: no carbohydrates) Appetite (morbidly obese people often have a gene defect that takes away the feeling of being full), food intake, food preferences. Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, effects on health. Therapeutic and preventive effects of foods (foods as medicine) Sources of knowledge about nutrition (some examples: animals. Farmers are interested in nutrition to produce better meat: humans. Proved that children who suffered famine in utero have higher risks of chronic disease. Controlled experiments (clinical trials); not as easy as drugs. Hunter-gatherers; show how our genes/bodies change with diet (and region) Case studies, e. g. individuals with rare disease (cid:894)celia(cid:272), (cid:895) Undernutrition is especially important in children as they often cannot catch up.
