400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Cough, Airway Obstruction, Malabsorption
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Define COPD, compare/contrast chronic bronchitis and emphysema in regard to
pathophysiology, pathology and clinical features.
Pathophysiology:
Chronic bronchitis:
oChronic inflammatory process with:
oInfiltration of the airway walls with inflammatory cells.
oIncreased number of goblet cells with increased number and size
of mucus glands and increased mucus production.
Emphysema:
oAlveolar wall destruction caused by uncontrolled activity of
several neutrophils/ macrophages-sources proteolytic enzymes
that are not effectively opposed by antiprotease system.
oThe destruction of air space walls reduces the surface area
available for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during
breathing.
Pathology:
Chronic bronchitis:
oGlands proliferate/ get bigger in size because so much mucus is
needed.
oSmooth muscle remodeling causing thickening in airway walls.
oPatchy squamous metaplasia – risk for cancer.
Emphysema:
oCigarette smoke can lead to accumulation and release of
neutrophils and macrophages, increased release of elastase from
them and reduce the activity of elastin in tissue.
Clinical features:
Chronic bronchitis:
oPeriod of worsening.
oYellow-green purulent sputum may be orange or pink
(haemoptysis).
oWheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, and later cyanosis.
oPeripheral oedema
Emphysema:
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Short answer questions for pathophysiology 1 (short answer questions for final exam will be taken from this list: define copd, compare/contrast chronic bronchitis and emphysema in regard to pathophysiology, pathology and clinical features. Chronic bronchitis: chronic inflammatory process with, infiltration of the airway walls with inflammatory cells, increased number of goblet cells with increased number and size of mucus glands and increased mucus production. Chronic bronchitis: glands proliferate/ get bigger in size because so much mucus is needed, smooth muscle remodeling causing thickening in airway walls, patchy squamous metaplasia risk for cancer. Emphysema: cigarette smoke can lead to accumulation and release of neutrophils and macrophages, increased release of elastase from them and reduce the activity of elastin in tissue. Chronic bronchitis: period of worsening, yellow-green purulent sputum may be orange or pink (haemoptysis), wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, and later cyanosis, peripheral oedema.
