400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Mediastinum, Asthma
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Discuss pleurisy and pleural effusion in regard to causes, pathology and clinical
features.
Causes:
Pleurisy:
oViral or bacterial infection.
oSystematic autoimmune diseases.
oPleural cancer.
Pleural effusion:
oSame plus chronic heart failure.
Pathology:
Pleurisy is inflammation of the lungs pleura and pleural effusion is
accumulation of watery fluid in the pleural cavity.
Hydrothorax: watery fluid diffusing out of pleural capillaries in states of
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloid osmotic
pressure (liver cirrhosis and kidney disease).
Exudate: inflammatory fluid, rich in cells and proteins that migrates out of
capillaries in infection, inflammation or malignancy in pleura (thick,
purulent exudate due by bacterial infection).
Haemothorax: Blood in pleural space accumulating typically due to
injuries of the chest wall.
Clinical features:
Sharp/ stabbing chest pain (sometimes shoulders and back) worsened
when breathing or coughing.
Fast breathing, shortness of breath.
2. Discus pneumothorax in regard to pathophysiology, main types, clinical features and
diagnosis.
Pathophysiology:
Pneumothorax occurs from air entering the intrapleural space > either
visceral pleura rupturing (releases air that you’re breathing in, into the
intrapleural space) or penetration from outside (releasing air into the
intrapleural space).
Intrapleural pressure is normally less than negative because of inward
lung and outward chest recoil.
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Document Summary
Short answer questions for pathophysiology 1 (short answer questions for final exam will be taken from this list: discuss pleurisy and pleural effusion in regard to causes, pathology and clinical features. Pleurisy: viral or bacterial infection, systematic autoimmune diseases, pleural cancer. Pleural effusion: same plus chronic heart failure. Pleurisy is inflammation of the lungs pleura and pleural effusion is accumulation of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. Hydrothorax: watery fluid diffusing out of pleural capillaries in states of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloid osmotic pressure (liver cirrhosis and kidney disease). Exudate: inflammatory fluid, rich in cells and proteins that migrates out of capillaries in infection, inflammation or malignancy in pleura (thick, purulent exudate due by bacterial infection). Haemothorax: blood in pleural space accumulating typically due to injuries of the chest wall. Sharp/ stabbing chest pain (sometimes shoulders and back) worsened when breathing or coughing.
