[PSYC 101] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (33 pages long)
29 Mar 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
CapU
PSYC 101
FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Psychology & Science
Psychology: the scientific study of mental processes, thought & behavior
History of Psychology
Psychology is based on 2 fundamental ideas:
Determinism
-> everything is determined
Empiricism
-> everything is made up of experiences
Philosophy
Hippocrates
-> 4 humors: blood, yellow, black bile, phlegm
Galen of Pergamon
-> 4 temperaments: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic
Physics
Gustav Fechner
-> psychophysics
-> experiments on sensation & perception
-> perceived differences in changes in weight, brightness & loudness
Evolutionary Theory
Charles Darwin
-> natural selection
-> "On the Origin of Species"
-> physical & behavioral traits emotional expressions
Medicine
Franz J. Gall & Johann Spurzheim
-> phrenology
- mapping traits & abilities to areas in the brain
- larger brain areas = stronger ability
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Paul Broca
-> Broca's area
- speech production
Karl Wernicke
-> Wernicke's area
- speech comprehension
Franz Mesmer
-> psychosomatic medicine
- using magnets to redirect "metallic fluids"
-> hypnosis
Sigmund Freud
-> psychoanalysis
-> hypnosis
-> the talking cure
-> levels of consciousness
Social Sciences
-> measurement & comparison of individuals
Francis Galton
-> eugenics
-> Darwin-inspired
-> heredity believed to explain psychological differences
Modern Psychology
-> founded in the 1870's
Wilhelm Wundt
-> introspection
- precursor to structuralism
-> established the first psychology laboratory 1879
E. B. Titchener
-> structuralism
-> popularized Wundt's approach in North America
William James
-> functionalism
- how humans think/behave & why
-> wrote the first psychology textbook
- "the Principles of Psychology"
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Psychology: the scientific study of mental processes, thought & behavior. > 4 humors: blood, yellow, black bile, phlegm. > perceived differences in changes in weight, brightness & loudness. Mapping traits & abilities to areas in the brain. > established the first psychology laboratory 1879: b. titchener. > need drives behavior goals in animals. > the study of behavior through observable & quantifiable data. > individual experience involves more than basic perception & response patterns. > unobservable mental processes are an integral part of the mind & influence behavior. > thought is organized & occurs beyond processing of individual components. > experiments on how an individual"s behavior is influenced by others. > faster biking in the presence of others. > both the environment & individuals influence behavior. > brain functions & mechanisms behind thought & behavior. > conversion of abstract constructs into concrete terms. > what is observed & how it is measured.
