SOCI 1002 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Canada, Structural Functionalism, Neoliberalism
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
SOCI 1002
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Globalization
Lecture 1
Defining globalization
Globalization:“the worldwide exchange of money, goods, and services as well as the
socio-cultural changes that occur as a result” (Ravelli & Webber 2010, p. 503).
Cultural globalization, economic globalization
“Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and world-space” (Steger 2009, p. 15)
globalization: a short history
Early international trade and exploration and colonialism (16th century)
Three early 20th century revolutions
Post WW2: Bretton Woods, 1944
1970s oil crises and the birth of neoliberalism
Challenges to global capitalism & imperialism
• Russian Revolution (1917)
• Emergence of Fordism (1910s- 1960s) and Keynesian economics (1930s- 1980s)
• Independence movements in Africa, India and Asia (1950s-1970s)
The new global order post WWII: Bretton Woods, 1944
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)- later to become the World Trade
Organization (WTO)
1973 oil crisis
1973- Yom Kippur War between Egypt & Israel
The U.S supported Israel
Arab, oil-producing countries created an oil-embargo, leading to extremely high
oil prices in the West.
Oil embargo led to increased inflation and high interest rates
Governments globally accrued huge national debts
International financial crisis ensued.
Neoliberalism
As a response to the international financial crisis of the 1970s
Key characteristics:
Privatisation of public goods (transportation, media infrastructure, etc)
Austerity measures (cutting on social spending)
Liberalizing markets (increase of free trade)
Structural adjustment programs (SAPS)
Programs of the IMF and World Bank
Loans will be given to countries in the Global South with strict conditions imposed.
Austerity measures- i.e. Limited government spending on social services
Free markets, allowing TNCs to dominate local economies and cultures
Consequences:
• Governments lose control over making decisions for citizens
• Loans with high interest rates have left counties in state of constant debt servicing
Canadian Mining Corporations
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
2010 study showed Canadian mining companies worst violators of environmental and
human rights laws
Slave labour used in construction of Eritrean-Canadian mining project (2008)
Security guards for Hudbay Minerals accused of murder in Guatemala
Barrick Gold’s Pascua-Lama mine (2013)
TNCS Affect
Labour relations
Global Health
Water
The Global and Urban Environment
Theorizing globalization
Modernization Theory
Assumes countries in the Global South want to become like countries in the Global
North, i.e. based on principles of a free market and individualism
Suggests that poverty in the Global South is due to a lack of capital, i.e. Foreign capital
through investment is necessary.
Understands cultures in the Global South to also be less developed, “backwards”,
traditional, irrational, etc.
Dependency theory
• The industrialization of the Global North was dependent on the unfair exploitation of
natural resources of the Global South through centuries of colonization and the violent
theft of millions of lives and labour through the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
• Economies in the Global South have been denied opportunities for economic
development and are used instead as single resource export economies that serve the
needs of the Global North, creating a situation of dependence
Resisting globalization: the global justice movement
The GJM is also called: the anti-capitalist globalization movement, the anti-globalization
movement, “globalization from below” “the movement of movements”
Includes: environmentalists, feminists, labour activists, anti-poverty activists,
Conclusion: or some things you should know about globalization
Give a brief history of globalization.
What is a transnational corporation?
How do people theorize the affects of globalization?
What does resistance to economic globalization look like?
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Globalization: the worldwide exchange of money, goods, and services as well as the socio-cultural changes that occur as a result (ravelli & webber 2010, p. 503). Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space (steger 2009, p. 15) globalization: a short history. Early international trade and exploration and colonialism (16th century) 1970s oil crises and the birth of neoliberalism. Challenges to global capitalism & imperialism: russian revolution (1917, emergence of fordism (1910s- 1960s) and keynesian economics (1930s- 1980s) Independence movements in africa, india and asia (1950s-1970s) The new global order post wwii: bretton woods, 1944. General agreement on tariffs and trade (gatt)- later to become the world trade. 1973- yom kippur war between egypt & israel. Arab, oil-producing countries created an oil-embargo, leading to extremely high oil prices in the west. Oil embargo led to increased inflation and high interest rates. As a response to the international financial crisis of the 1970s.
