PSYC-1105EL Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Gap Junction, Limbic System, Distorted Vision
26 Jun 2018
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Action Potential (digital information): Our brains use binary code when dealing with the
information that goes through our brains. Binary code is a massive lineup of 1’s and 0’s that
create everything that we know. Our brain processes at 10^18 bits at once.
Insula: A region of the brain deep inside the cerebral cortex. Contains the homunculus.
Neuron: Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information.
10 micrometers in size.
Soma: Contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells
(cell body)
Axon: A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to
muscles or glands
Dendrites: Parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
General Organization of the Human Brain: Telencephalon: Cortex for all brain functions
General Left Hemispheric Processes: Left hemisphere deals with the encoding of information.
Damage to the left hippocampus results in anterograde amnesia. (Speech, logic, sequential
processing, reason)
General Right Hemispheric Processes: Right hemisphere deals with the retrieval of information.
Damage to the right hippocampus results in retrograde amnesia. All memories from the last 2
years are in your right hippocampus. Anything longer than 2 years ago is stored in the right
frontal lobe. (Intonation, emotion, parallel processing, impulsive)
Frontal Lobe: 3 main components: pre-frontal lobe, pre-motor area, motor area. Involved with
motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, anticipation, initiation,
judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior. Without allowance of social
interaction, we would become feral. Psychopaths have different frontal lobes. Their frontal lobe
doesn’t work properly, and they lack the ability to feel empathy. Makes up 40% of your brain
and doesn’t fully develop until around 25. Vision doesn’t develop until 4 years old. The pre-
frontal area deals with disorders, addiction, and personality. The left and right halves do
different things. The left half is responsible for speech. Only 5% of the population is right
hemisphere dominant. The right hemisphere only knows about 200 words. In order for us to
express what we see, if the stimulus is in the right hemisphere, it has to cross through the
corpus colosseum and can be lost in translation.
Temporal Lobe: Hearing. Heschl’s Gyrus: primary auditory cortex. Secondary auditory cortex is
used to label those things that we hear. Contributes to personality. Buried inside of it is 2
structures that let you remember anything and have any emotion ever. Contains the
hippocampus and amygdala. These two areas allow us to remember anything we’ve ever
experienced and will experience and also lets us feel any emotion or satisfaction we have has or
will have in future.
Parietal Lobe: Touch/Sensation. Touch is 6 different things: pain, light pain, deep pain, pressure,
hot, cold. Post-central gyrus is the primary cortex. You can explain a lot of behaviors because of
the organization of the parietal lobe. For example, phantom limb, foot fetishes, etc. Damage to
the secondary cortex leads you to neglect or give you a loss of discrimination of half of your
body. Shaving half of your face thinking all is shaved, doing up buttons then other hand undoes
them.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Action potential (digital information): our brains use binary code when dealing with the information that goes through our brains. Binary code is a massive lineup of 1"s and 0"s that create everything that we know. Our brain processes at 10^18 bits at once. Insula: a region of the brain deep inside the cerebral cortex. Neuron: individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. Soma: contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells (cell body) Axon: a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands. Dendrites: parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. General organization of the human brain: telencephalon: cortex for all brain functions. General left hemispheric processes: left hemisphere deals with the encoding of information. Damage to the left hippocampus results in anterograde amnesia. (speech, logic, sequential processing, reason)
