STAT-151 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Variance, Theorem, The Mighty Handful
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
STAT-151
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Descriptive Statistics
sample
Nature Of Statistics
Denition
Denition
Descriptive Statistics
Population and Sample
1 Descriptive Statistics
2 Inferential Statistics
Statistics is a specic area of study and investigation which can roughly
be divided into two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statis-
tics.
consists of methods for or-
ganizing and summarizing information.
Techniques of descriptive statistics include graphs, charts and tables
and various descriptive calculations (called numerical summaries).
In order to dene inferential statistics, we need to distinguish between
two kinds of data collections.
Population: The collection of all individuals or items under consideration
in a statistical study.
Sample: That part of the population from which information is actually
obtained.
The selection of a few elements from the population is called a .
One of the most important problems in applied statistics is how to use
the data set of a sample to determine meaningful information about
the population.
1
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Denition
Denition
Denition
3 Observational Studies and Designed Ex-
periments
Inferential Statistics
Observational Study
Designed Experiment
Inferential Statistics
proba-
bility
study
observational study,
designed experiment,
consists of methods for draw-
ing and measuring the reliability of conclusions about a population based
on information obtained from a sample of the population.
The subject that links descriptive and inferential statistics is
- this will be studied later in some detail.
Once a sample has been selected from the population, the information
of interest needs to be collected.
Such a process is sometimes called a - there are two distinct
ways a study can be done.
In an researchers simply ob-
serve characteristics and take measurements, as in a sample survey.
In a researchers impose treat-
ments and controls and then observe characteristics and take measurements.
Observation studies can reveal association, but not causation.
Designed experiments (done properly) reveals both association and
causation.
2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Statistics is a speci c area of study and investigation which can roughly be divided into two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statis- tics. Techniques of descriptive statistics include graphs, charts and tables and various descriptive calculations (called numerical summaries). In order to de ne inferential statistics, we need to distinguish between two kinds of data collections. Population: the collection of all individuals or items under consideration in a statistical study. Sample: that part of the population from which information is actually obtained. The selection of a few elements from the population is called a sample. One of the most important problems in applied statistics is how to use the data set of a sample to determine meaningful information about the population. Inferential statistics ing and measuring the reliability of conclusions about a population based on information obtained from a sample of the population. The subject that links descriptive and inferential statistics is bility.
