HTHSCI 2C06 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dietary Reference Intake, Glycogenolysis, Osteoporosis
20 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Macronutrients supplying energy (or calories) are: proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Water is a macronutrient that does not provide energy. Essential for good health, but are needed in small quantities. Nutrient classes: b vitamins, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron. Elevated homocysteine levels have been linked to cardiovascular disorders. Homocysteine is an intermediate in cysteine biosynthesis. Vitamin b12 can help convert homocysteine to methionine. Vitamin b6 lowers homocysteine levels by helping to convert it to cysteine. Vitamin b12 is present in animal products, it can also be made by bacteria, fungi, algae. Vegetarians must get b12 from fortified foods or supplements. Folate is very important for women of childbearing age. Neural tube defects can be prevented by adequate intake during pregnancy. Low folate levels have also been linked to heart disease, increase in homocysteine, and. Higher levels of folate in the blood are linked to lower risk for breast and colorectal cancers.
