BPK 105 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Chemical Bond, Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bond
27 Apr 2018
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Terminology:
1. anatomy (Section 1.1): scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.
2. physiology (Section 1.2): scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of
living things.(
3. cell (Section 1.3): basic living unit of all plants and animals.
4. metabolism (Section 1.4): sum of the chemical changes that occur in tissues, consisting
of the breakdown of molecules (catabolism) to produce energy and the build up of
molecules (anabolism), which requires energy.
5. homeostasis (Section 1.5): Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant
environment within the body with respect to functions and the composition of fluids and
tissues.
6. negative feedback (Section 1.5): Mechanism by which any deviation from an ideal
normal value or set point is resisted or negated; returns a parameter to its normal range
and thereby maintains homeostasis.
7. dissociation (Section 2.1): separation of positive and negative ions when they dissolve in
water and are surrounded by water molecules.
8. ionic bond (Section 2.1): Chemical bond resulting from the attraction between ions of
opposite charge.
9. covalent bond (Section 2.1): chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share one or more
pairs of electrons.
10. reactants (Section 2.2): Substance taking part in a chemical reaction.
11. products (Section 2.2): Substance produced in a chemical reaction.
12. equilibrium (Section 2.2): state created by a chemical reaction proceeding in opposite
directions (e.g., from reactants to products and from products to reactants) at equal
speed.
13. acid (Section 2.3): any substance that is a proton donor; or any substance that releases
hydrogen ions.
14. base (Section 2.3): any substance that is a proton acceptor or any substance that binds
to hydrogen ions; over part or bottom of a structure; the base of the heart is the flat
portion directed posteriorly and superiorly; veins + arteries project into and out of the
base, respectively.
15. buffers (Section 2.3): chemical that resists changes in pH when acid/base is added to a
solution containing the buffer.
16. enzyme (Section 2.4, Figures 2.17 and 2.18): Protein molecule that increases the rate of
a chemical reaction without being permanently altered; an organic catalyst.
17. carbohydrate (Section 2.4): organic molecule made up of one or more monosaccharides
chemically bound together; sugars + starches.
18. lipid (Section 2.4): substance composed principally of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen;
generally soluble in nonpolar solvents; fats and cholesterol.
19. proteins (Section 2.4): Large molecule consisting of long sequences of amino acids
(polypeptides) linked by peptide bonds.
20. nucleic acid (Section 2.4): Molecule consisting of many nucleotides chemically bound
together; deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
