NURS 231 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Positivism, Null Hypothesis, Grounded Theory
NURS 231
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
231; research class 2 (but really class one because the first class was just an outline
on the point.)
Quiz in class next Tuesday
What is evidence based practice: theories and testing behind practice, it shows the
best way of doing practice
Elements of evidence based practice: clinical expertise, colleagues, patient values,
and best research evidence
What is evidence; two main categories: internal evidence (observations, talking to
the patients, looking at medical records, quality improvement initiatives (ex.
incidence reports get reported and used to inform practice) etc.) and external
evidence (journal articles).
EBP IS used to have better patient outcomes but its also increases patient
satisfaction and provides the highest quality and most cost effective care possible.
Ex. having a follow up programs for people discharged from a MI. or post op
teaching after surgery and pre surgery
When is it best to do the pre op teaching? – the day before is better than the day of
but two weeks before then the day before works the best and causes less hospital
stays
Steps of EBP (melnyk, 2011) is one way of looking at it.
0. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry- questioning attitude towards practice. Always
ask what is the best practice for my patient.
1. Ask the clinical question in PICO format
2. Search for and collect the most relevant BE
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Integrate the BE with one’s clinical expertise and patient preferences and
values in making a practice decision or change
5. Evaluate outcomes of the practice decision or change based on evidence
6. Disseminate the outcomes of the EBP decision or change. (Share it so that
other people can learn)
EBP empowers nurses in their roles
You need to have a culture that supports EBP for it to work
Questions in class
1. We need to trust data above tradition and all else
2. Not everyone are trained in it and many people are stuck using methods that
they have used in the past, lack of knowledge on it and resources
3. Have an evidence-based mentor and that it takes a culture and practice and
that culture beats strategies so the whole team needs to be on board. Critical
thinking
4. Familiarize yourself with difference competencies
5. Allows them to provide the best care and allows them to have input and feel
heard and provide rational for the decisions being made.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
6. This means that you must act on your goals to get something done. If you
don’t follow through nothing will happen. You need to dream but also
execute.
7. Using stethoscope hygiene to prevent nosocomial infections.
PICOT questions
P- patient or population – what are the characteristics of the patients or people?
I –intervention/ influence/exposure: what are the intervention or therapies of
interest? Or what are the potentially harmful influences/ exposures of concern?
C- comparison
O-outcome of interest
T-time – what is the time frame that is best delivered
Ex. patients with constipation, hat is the affect of an abdominal massage on patients
bowel movement
P –patients with constipation
I – abdominal massage
O –bowel movements
p- Glenda, a 45 year olf Caucasian women
first question: For middle aged overweight Caucasian women with hypertensive
does ACE inhibitors or diet and exercise the best way to decrease hypertension.
Second question : for older men with prostate cancer is it better to have surgery for
prostate or to not get the surgery to be able to live his life to the fullest and to be
intimate with his wife?
PS questions – questions for EBP
P-population or patient
s-specific problem or prevention issue/ situation what circumstances or
experiences do you want to know about
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
231; research class 2 (but really class one because the first class was just an outline on the point. ) What is evidence based practice: theories and testing behind practice, it shows the best way of doing practice. Elements of evidence based practice: clinical expertise, colleagues, patient values, and best research evidence. What is evidence; two main categories: internal evidence (observations, talking to the patients, looking at medical records, quality improvement initiatives (ex. incidence reports get reported and used to inform practice) etc. ) and external evidence (journal articles). Ebp is used to have better patient outcomes but its also increases patient satisfaction and provides the highest quality and most cost effective care possible. Ex. having a follow up programs for people discharged from a mi. or post op teaching after surgery and pre surgery. The day before is better than the day of but two weeks before then the day before works the best and causes less hospital stays.
