KNES 260 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Macrophage, Cytokine, Fibrin
25 Feb 2017
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Lectures 4 to 6: chapter 20: cardiovascular physiology. Blood flow = parallel circuit, controlled by arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters; very similar on l/r sides of body, pressures in la + lv. Pericardium (tough, inelastic, anchor, ventricular interaction, pericardial fluid) and coronary arteries (surface of , 2 exiting from aorta) Ventricular torsion: fibres oriented towards apex, more efficient filling due to suction, more efficient ejection (wringing washcloth analogy) Autorhythmic ; autorhythmic pacemaker cells intercalated disks (desmosomes & gap junctions) contractile cells (99% of cardiac. Pacemaker potential: 1) no rmp or refractory period, 2) k+ efflux stops and slow na+ leak in, 3) slow ca2+ in through t channels (voltage muscle cells). Cardiac myocyte ap 400ms, nerve ap 2ms. Sa nodes (70 b/min), av nodes (40 b/min), purkinje fibers (20 b/min). sensitive, short time, till threshold), 4) fast ca2+ in through l-channels, 5) l-channels close, 6) k+ efflux by rectifier-channels.
