KNES 339 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pronghorn, Nuclear Fuel, Renewable Fuels
23 Oct 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
KNES 339: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Mammals Overview and Status of Grizzly Bears
Mammals
• The order of mammals:
o Rodents
▪ Squirrels: chipmunks, squirrels, marmots
▪ Pocket gophers, beavers, mice
o Pikas, rabbits, hares
o Bats
o Insectivores
o Cloven-hoofed Ungulates
▪ Deer: moose, elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, woodland caribou
▪ Pronghorn antelope
▪ Bovid: bison, mountain goat, bighorn, sheep
o Carnivores
Carnivores
• Bears – grizzly and black
• Cats – cougar, Canada lynx, bobcat
• Dogs – coyote, grey wolf, red fox, swift fox
• Racoons
• Weasels – wolverines
Types of Bears
• There are two types of bears in Alberta:
o Grizzly
o Black bear
▪ Spirit (Kermode) bear is a subspecies of black bears
• They are white in colour due to a recessive gene
• They live in the costal rainforest of BC
• Their habitat is a concern because of 1) pipeline expansions and 2) tanker spills
▪ Black bears are not endangered in Alberta
• What are the main differences between black bears and grizzly bears?
o Black bears do not have a shoulder hump, have taller ears, straight face profile, and shorter claws
o Grizzly bears have a shoulder hump, have rounder years, dished face profile, and longer front
claws
• Grizzly Bears
o Are listed as threatened under the Alberta Wildlife Act (AWA)
▪ They were chosen to be listed as such due to 1) having a small population 2) having
limited dispersal and exchange with adjacent populations
o They are listed as THREATENED provincially
o They are listed as SPECIAL CONCERN federally by COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of
Endangered Wildlife in Canada)
o The reasons behind their low numbers are:
▪ Low reproductive rate
▪ Poor dispersal
▪ Genetically isolated
▪ Sensitive species
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Cumulative impact from humans (hunting, poaching, removal of habituated bears,
development, habitat destruction)
o What are some signs of bears?
▪ Scat
▪ Tracks
▪ Food sources
▪ Diggings
▪ Other disturbances
▪ Carrion (dead animals)
o What are some important foods of the grizzlies?
▪ Glacial lily
▪ Yellow hedysarum
▪ They also eat a lot of different kinds of squirrels
o How can we help grizzly bears?
▪ Consider your own land use
▪ Obey closures
▪ Slow down
▪ Advocate and educate
Status of Grizzly Bears
• Provincially: THREATENED by the Alberta Wildlife Act (AWA)
• Federally: SPECIAL CONCERN by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
(COSEWIC)
Energy Guest Presentation
Presentation by Mr. Ross, CEO of Expander Energy Inc.
Definitions:
• Sustainable: a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently
damaged
• Fossil fuel: a fuel such as coal or oil that was formed by the earth from plant or animal remains
• Nuclear fuel: a substance that will sustain a reaction so that it can be used as a source of nuclear energy
• Renewable fuel: energy from a source that cannot be depleted such as wind or solar
• Greenhouse gasses: a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation
Consumption:
• Which country out of Afghanistan, Iceland, and Canada consumes the most energy per capita?
o Iceland
• Which country out of Russia, the UK, and Canada is the most energy efficient users?
o The UK
• The world is consuming a lot of energy
Coal:
• It is the largest source of electrical power generation
• One of the oldest sources of energy
• The problem with it is that it contributes to 50% of global CO2 emissions and other chemical compounds
and it is harmful to the land with open-pit mining
Oil:
• It is the largest source of transportation fuel today
• Contributes to CO2 emissions, around 30% of the global emissions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• 75% of the reserves are controlled by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exportation Countries) such as
Algeria, Angola, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Venezuela
Natural Gas:
• Replaced coil and fuel oil at home heating post World War II
• Contributes around 20% of global CO2 emissions
• It needs a pipeline to move though
Renewables:
• Wind and solar
• Zero emissions
• Requires intermittent production with baseline power as back-up
• Low conversion of energy though, it takes up a lot of land and there are health issues related to turbine
noise
Nuclear:
• Zero greenhouse gas emissions
• It is 75% of France’s power and Japan’s fleet of plants have been offline since the 2011 Fukashima Daiichi
nuclear disaster
• Can lead to health issues and terror targets as well as nuclear waste
Hydro:
• Zero emissions
• China is the largest producer of hydro-electrical energy
• Can lead to ecosystem damage, loss of land, population relocation, methane emissions, and catastrophic
failure
• Can keep up with base load and peak hour power
Carbon Trading:
• With this, the government can set carbon emission limits, over-producers can buy more credits and under
producers can sell their credits
Expander Energy’s Mission:
• To turn carbon into cash
• To produce a low emission, clean burning high performance, diesel fuel
• They plan to use carbon, which can be sourced from garbage, trash, and burnt fuels and turn it into
synthetic fuels which reduces the by-products and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere
o Uses a new technology
Summary:
• Contribution to global CO2 emissions
o Coal: 50% of global emissions
o Oil: 30% of global emissions
o Natural gasses: 20% of global emissions
o Hydro, nuclear, and renewable sources: 0%
Bear Awareness and Safety
Seven Ways to Avoid Bears
1. Leave your dog at home or keep it on a leash
2. Carry bear spray with you
3. Always use proper ways to store and handle food
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Mammals: the order of mammals, rodents, squirrels: chipmunks, squirrels, marmots, pocket gophers, beavers, mice, pikas, rabbits, hares, bats, cloven-hoofed ungulates. Insectivores: deer: moose, elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, woodland caribou, pronghorn antelope, bovid: bison, mountain goat, bighorn, sheep, carnivores. Carnivores: bears grizzly and black, cats cougar, canada lynx, bobcat, dogs coyote, grey wolf, red fox, swift fox, racoons, weasels wolverines. Status of grizzly bears: provincially: threatened by the alberta wildlife act (awa, federally: special concern by the committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada (cosewic) Presentation by mr. ross, ceo of expander energy inc. Iceland: which country out of russia, the uk, and canada is the most energy efficient users, the uk, the world is consuming a lot of energy. It is the largest source of transportation fuel today: contributes to co2 emissions, around 30% of the global emissions. 75% of the reserves are controlled by opec (organization of petroleum exportation countries) such as.
