BIOL 4010 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Metabolism, Protein, Gene
20 Nov 2018
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Osmotic adaptation: salinity (osmotic and ionic strength problems, adaptation to high salt (halophilic bacteria, fish, solute systems of marine invertebrates and lower vertebrates, nitrogen limitation in sharks, dessication tolerance, e. g. tardigrade can become extremely dehydrated. Symbiosis: nutrient availability, certain environments (e. g. coral reefs in tropical waters) have low nutrient availability, certain energy sources lack essential elements or compounds, deep sea, hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: hydrogen sulfide and methane as energy sources. Interaction of water with proteins and membranes: changing environments were crucial in the evolution of life, as oxygen levels rose, organisms were able to become multicellular, ex. Overview: scope of problems, background - thermodynamics, what is affected, solutions to problems - what can be modified, relation to climate change. *see diagram illustrating temperature ranges for various organisms. Background: extremes, coldest: -89. 2c in antarctica in 1983, hottest: hydrothermal vent (400c); desert in libya (58c); hot springs (100c)
