CIS 1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Megabit, Digital Electronics, Computer Data Storage
6 Jun 2018
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UNIT ONE
Social networking tools like Facebook and Twitter give people the power to connect
and share ideas.
Crisis mapping is the real-time gathering, display and analysis of data during a crisis,
usually a natural disaster or social/political conflict.
QR (quick response) codes are 2D barcodes with readers available on smartphones
and other devices.
Kickstarter is a crowdfunding platform that allows people with ideas to ask for funding
to pursue them.
Web 2.0, where the focus is on collaboration and social media
Autonomy: The freedom to work without constant direction and control.
Mastery: The feeling of confidence and excitement from seeing your own skills
progress.
Purpose: The understanding that you are working for something larger than yourself.
UNIT TWO
A computer is a data processing device that performs four major functions:
• Input: It gathers data or allows a user to enter data.
• Processing: It processes the data it has and turns it into useful information.
• Output: It displays data and information in a form suitable for the user.
• Storage: It stores data for later use.
Mainframe computer supports many users simultaneously.
Supercomputer performs complex calculations extremely fast. Blue Gene (an IBM
project that we will discuss later in our discussion) used 131,000 processors to routinely
handle 280 trillion operations every second. You may wonder how fast it is. A single
scientist with a calculator would have to work nonstop for 177,000 years to perform the
operations that Blue Gene could do in one second.
Embedded computers touch our everyday lives in devices ranging from digital
cameras, digital recorders and the electronic thermostat in your home. And the
embedded computer resides in your car as well.
Main Input Devices:
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• Keyboard is used to type information into the computer;
• Mouse is used to click commands or move contents around the screen; and
• Touch screen enables the user to interact directly with what is displayed on the
screen. Touch screens have become normal for smartphones and tablets. Touch
screen laptop and desktop are also available.
Main Output Devices:
• Monitors are for displaying text, images, and video as soft copies;
• Speakers and earphones are for sound, music, and audio cues (like getting an
email);
• Printers are for creating hard copies of text and images; and
• Plotters for printing oversize images such as maps and architectural plans and
poster for the conferences.
The motherboard is the most important part of the system unit. It holds many of the
crucial electronic components of the system:
• Memory which includes ROM (that holds start up instruction, located in BIO chip)
and RAM (that stores any files, installed in memory slots);
• Central processing unit (CPU), the brain of the computer;
• Network interface card (NIC) to connect to the internet;
• Expansion slots for plug in sound and video card; and
• Ports which provide connectors for other peripherals.
Primary storage: ROM and RAM
Random access memory (RAM) is where the programs and data the computer is
currently using are stored. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the hard
drive and other forms of storage, because of its design and short distance from the
CPU. Because the entire contents of RAM are erased when you turn off the computer,
RAM is a temporary or volatile storage location.
Your computer’s RAM with temporary space on your hard disk is combined to form
virtual memory. When RAM runs low, virtual memory moves data from RAM to a space
called a paging file. Moving data to and from the paging file frees up RAM so your
computer can complete its work.
Read-only memory (ROM) holds all the instructions the computer needs to start up
when it is powered on. The instructions stored in ROM are permanent, making ROM
a non-volatile storage location, which means the data isn't erased when the power is
turned off
The CPU is sometimes referred to as the brains or nerve center of the computer.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a piece of hardware that carries out the
instructions of a computer program. The CPU gets very hot and needs its own cooling
system and there is heat sink fan placed on the top of CPU.
- 2 major brands of CPU are Intel and AMD processors
- CPU speed is measured in units of hertz (Hz). Hertz is a measurement of
machine cycles per second
- There are physical limits to CPU speed. One solution is to place multiple
processors inside a single CPU
- Two typical components of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and
the control unit (CU). An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit used
to perform arithmetic and logic operations. The control unit (CU) is a
component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the
operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic
unit and input and output devices how to respond to a program's
instructions.
HDD is your computer's device for permanent storage of software and documents. It is
a non-volatile storage device.
SDD has recently become a preferred option for desktop and laptop storage. SSDs
have no moving parts so they're more efficient, run with no noise, emit little heat, and
require little power. They're more durable.
A port is a place through which a peripheral device attaches to the computer so that
data can be exchanged between it and the operating system
A universal serial bus (USB) port is the port type most commonly used to connect
input and output devices to the computer. This is mainly because of a USB port's ability
to transfer data quickly. USB 2.0 ports are the current standard and transfer data at 480
megabits per second (Mbps).
A video port is needed to attach a monitor to a desktop computer or a second, larger
display to a laptop computer.
Newer LCD monitors, as well as other multimedia devices such as televisions, DVD
players, and projectors, connect to digital video interface (DVI) ports.
The power supply, which is housed inside the system unit, transforms the wall voltage
to the voltages required by computer chips.
Powering on your computer from a completely turned-off state, such as when you start
your computer in the morning, is called a cold boot. Restarting the system while it's
powered on is called a warm boot.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Social networking tools like facebook and twitter give people the power to connect and share ideas. Crisis mapping is the real-time gathering, display and analysis of data during a crisis, usually a natural disaster or social/political conflict. Qr (quick response) codes are 2d barcodes with readers available on smartphones and other devices. Kickstarter is a crowdfunding platform that allows people with ideas to ask for funding to pursue them. Web 2. 0, where the focus is on collaboration and social media. Autonomy: the freedom to work without constant direction and control. Mastery: the feeling of confidence and excitement from seeing your own skills progress. Purpose: the understanding that you are working for something larger than yourself. A computer is a data processing device that performs four major functions: Blue gene (an ibm project that we will discuss later in our discussion) used 131,000 processors to routinely handle 280 trillion operations every second.
